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18F (1995TI07)
(See Energy Level Diagrams for 18F)
GENERAL: See 
3 [Electromagnetic Transitions in A = 18-19] (in PDF or PS), 
18.23 [General Table] (in PDF or PS), 
18.24 [Table of Energy
Levels] (in PDF or PS) and 
18.25 [Radiative decays in 18F] (in PDF or PS).
Q1.12 = 0.13 ± 0.03 b [see (1983AJ01)].
| 1. 18F(β+)18O | Qm = 1.655 |
The positron decay is entirely to the ground state of 18O [Jπ = 0+, T = 1]; the half-life is 109.77 ± 0.05 min [see 
18.11 (in PDF or PS) in (1972AJ02)]; log ft= 3.554. The fact that the β+ transition to 18Og.s. is allowed fixes Jπ = 1+ for 18Fg.s..
The ratio εK/β+ = 0.030 ± 0.002: see (1978AJ03, 1987AJ02). See also (1989SA1P, 1989KA1S).
The influence of meson exchange currents of the second kind is discussed in (1988SA12) and in (1989SA1H) which also considers the effects of neutrino mass. Charged-current (νe, e-) reactions on 18O and the predicted effects on a proposed neutrino elastic scattering measurement of the Weinberg angle is discussed in (1988HA22).
| 2. (a) 10B(9Be, n)18F | Qm = 14.455 |
| (b) 11B(9Be, 2n)18F | Qm = 3.001 |
See (1986CU02) for production cross sections of 0.94 MeV γ-rays.
| 3. (a) 12C(6Li, d)16O | Qm = 5.687 | Eb = 13.213 |
| (b) 12C(6Li, α)14N | Qm = 8.798 | |
| (c) 12C(6Li, 6Li)12C |
Cross sections for these and other charged particle channels have been measured for E(6Li) = 1.9 to 36 MeV [see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01)]. More recently, measurements of cross sections at E(6Li) = 210 MeV are reported in (1988NA02). Vector analyzing power measurements have been made at E(6Li) = 150 MeV (1987TA21, 1988TA08) and at E(6Li) = 30 MeV (1994RE01). For elastic scattering and at E(6Li) = 30 MeV (1988VAZY, 1989VA04) for inelastic scattering to 12C*(4.43). Neutron yields from 6Li + 12C at E(6Li) = 40 MeV have been measured by (1987SC11).
The cross section for the isospin-forbidden α1 group [to 14N*(2.31), 0+, T = 1] is 1 to 2% of the cross section of the allowed α0 and α2 groups for E(6Li) = 3.2 to 6 MeV while for 9 to 14 MeV it varies from 0.4 to 1.8%. At 20 MeV, the α1 yield is 0.02% of the allowed yield. Structures are reported at E(6Li) = 11.0 and 13.0 MeV in the α0 yield, at 11.5 and 13.0 MeV in the α1 yield and at ≈ 11.7 and 12.8 MeV in the α2 yield. A resonance is also reported in the α1 yield at E(6Li) = 4.2 MeV: Ex = 15.99 ± 0.02 MeV, Γc.m. = 290 ± 30 keV, Jπ = 2+ (one-level BW fit). It is suggested that this resonance is due to 2+ states with T = 0 and 1 which are unresolved. Cross sections for populating 16O*(8.87, 10.36, 11.08, 11.10) are reported by (1981GL02).
The excitation functions for the 6Li ions to 12C*(0, 4.43) show a single isolated structure at E(6Li) = 22.8 MeV, in the range 20 - 36 MeV, with Γ ≈ 0.8 MeV. It is unlikely to be due to an isolated state in 18F. Analyzing power measurements are reported for many deuteron and α groups and for elastically scattered 6Li ions at E(6Li) = 20 MeV. VAP measurements for elastic scattering are also reported at Ed = 9.0 and 19.2 MeV (1983RU09) and at 150 MeV (1986KA1C, 1986TA1B).
For fusion studies see (1982DE30, 1987PA12). For references to earlier work and for additional comments see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02), 12C in (1985AJ01), 14N in (1986AJ01), and 16O in (1986AJ04, 1993TI07).
| 4. 12C(9Be, t)18F | Qm = -4.475 |
Angular distributions are reported at E(9Be) = 12 to 27 MeV to 18Fg.s. and to the unresolved states at 1 MeV: see (1983AJ01). For excitation functions see (1982HU06, 1983JA09).
| 5. 12C(11B, αn)18F | Qm = -2.701 |
For 18F*(4.85) [5-; T = 0] τm = 5.2
± 0.9 ps. The E1 strength is (3.4 ± 0.6) × 10-6 W.u. for
the transition to 18F*(1.12) [5+; T = 0] and the E2
strength is 14.8 ± 2.6 W.u. for that to 18F*(3.79)
[3-; 0]. The latter strength, which is that of a highly collective
transition, corresponds to a quadrupole moment Q0 = 395 ± 35 mb
and suggests that 18F*(4.85) is the 5- state of a
(strongly decoupled) Kπ = 1- band (1982KO24). See
also 18.25 (in PDF or
PS) and 
18.26 (in PDF or PS).
| 6. 14N(α, γ)18F | Qm = 4.415 |
The non-resonant S-factor for this reaction is S ≈ 0.7 MeV ·
b: see (1978AJ03). A
number of resonances have been observed for Eα < 3 MeV: see
18.27 (in PDF or PS). Studies of these, principally
by the Toronto and Queen's groups [see references in (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01)] in conjunction with
work on 14N(α, α), 16O(3He, p), 17O(p, γ) and 17O(p,
α) [see 
18.29 (in PDF or PS), 
18.30 (in PDF or PS), 
18.31 (in PDF or PS)] have led to the determination
of branching ratios, mixing ratios and widths ( 18.25 (in PDF or PS)), lifetimes ( 18.26 (in
PDF or PS)) and the Ex,
Jπ and Kπ assignments for 18F states
with Ex < 6.9 MeV. The reader is referred to the series of papers by
the Toronto group for the most complete and definitive arguments on the
parameters of the low-lying states of 18F.
A recent measurement reported in (1989BO01) determines a value Ex = 5672.57 ± 0.32 keV for the first 18F level above the proton threshold. This level is important for calculating the rate of 17O destruction during hydrogen burning in stars.
No evidence is seen for the excitation of the (forbidden) state at Ex = 4.753 MeV [Jπ = 0+, T = 1 (1981LE1A, 1983LE08). See also (1987AJ02), and see the tables of reaction rates (1988CA26) and the reviews of (1989KA24, (1989WH1B, 1989TH1C).
| 7. 14N(α, p)17O | Qm = -1.192 | Eb = 4.415 |
Observed resonances are displayed in 18.27 (in PDF or PS). See also 17O in
(1986AJ04, 1993TI07).
| 8. (a) 14N(α, α')14N | Eb = 4.415 | |
| (b) 14N(α, 2α)10B | Qm = -11.613 | |
| (c) 14N(α, 6Li)12C | Qm = -8.798 |
Observed anomalies in the elastic scattering [reaction (a)] are exhibited in 18.27 (in PDF or PS). Resonances in the α1 isospin-forbidden yield are displayed in 
18.14 (in PDF or PS) of (1978AJ03). In the α1 study, carried out for Eα = 7.6 - 16.9 MeV, a partial-wave analysis involving a method of removing ambiguities and parametrizing S-matrix elements gives the level parameters of 151 isospin mixed, natural-parity states in 18F with 10.4 < Ex < 17.5
MeV. Many of these states have also been reported in the 16O(d, α1) reaction [
18.16 (in PDF or PS) of (1978AJ03)]. The agreement is best for low-lying 2+ or 4+ states, and is quite good for 3- and 5- states, while for high-J states the greater centrifugal barrier for 16O + d at the same Ex leads to a relative suppression of high-J states in the 16O + d work. A study of the energy dependence of averaged intensities of the partial waves shows some indication that the lower partial waves conserve isospin as Ex
increases.
The total cross sections for formation of 10B and 6Li have been studied for Eα = 21 to 42 MeV [see (1978AJ03)], as has the cross section for production of 1.64 and 2.31 MeV γ-rays from threshold to Eα = 26 MeV (1985DY05). See also (1987AJ02), and see (1987BU27, 1989BE1R, 1990WE14, 1991LE33).
| 9. (a) 14N(6Li, d)18F | Qm = 2.940 |
| (b) 14N(6Li, dα)14N | Qm = -1.475 |
Angular distributions have been measured for the deuteron groups to 18F*(5.34 [4+], 6.56 [5+], 9.58, 11.2, 14.1) at E(6Li) = 36 MeV. Angular correlations lead to Jπ = 6+ and 8+ for 18F*(9.58, 14.1) and the data are consistent with Jπ = 7+ for 18F*(11.2) (1983ET02). For the earlier work see (1978AJ03).
| 10. 14N(7Li, t)18F | Qm = 1.948 |
At E(7Li) = 36 MeV the Kπ = 1+ band appears to be selectively populated. States at Ex = 9.58 ± 0.02, 11.22 ± 0.03 and 14.18 ± 0.04 MeV are strongly populated. It is suggested that the first two are the 6+ and 7+ members of that band: see reaction 8. [Angular distributions are reported for 18F*(1.70, 2.10, 2.52, 3.36, 4.40, 5.30, 6.57, 9.58, 11.22, 14.18).] See (1978AJ03, 1987AJ02) for the earlier work.
| 11. (a) 14N(11B, 7Li)18F | Qm = -4.250 |
| (b) 14N(13C, 9Be)18F | Qm = -6.233 |
These reactions have been studied at E(11B) = 115 MeV and E(13C) = 105 MeV. Differential cross sections at three angles are reported for the transitions to 18F*(9.58, 10.57 ± 0.07, 11.2) in reaction (a) and to 18F*(5.30, 6.57, 9.58, 10.60 ± 0.08, 11.2) in reaction (b). In addition to these states 18F*(14.18) is strongly excited in both reactions, and transitions to 18F*(15.79 ± 0.10, 18.62 ± 0.12) are also reported: see (1983AJ01).
| 12. (a) 15N(3He, γ)18F | Qm = 14.156 | |
| (b) 15N(3He, α)14N | Qm = 9.745 | Eb = 14.160 |
Excitation functions have been measured for E(3He) = 2.5 to 16 MeV for the γ0 and γ1 → 4 yields. Resonances are observed corresponding to Ex = (19.00 ± 0.15) [γ1 → 4], (20.1 ± 0.2) [γ0, γ1 → 4], (22.7 ± 0.2) [γ0, γ1 → 4] and (24.1 ± 0.2) MeV [γ1 → 4], with Γc.m. = (0.5 ± 0.15), (1.6 ± 0.1), (1.2 ± 0.1) and (1.4 ± 0.3) MeV, respectively. The γ0 yield is dominated by 18F*(20.10) [(1983WA05): see for (2J + 1)Γ3HeΓγ values]. It is suggested that structures decaying by γ0 have Jπ = 2- (and possibly T = 1) (1983WA05). For analyzing power measurements at E(3He) = 33 MeV see (1986DR03).
| 13. 15N(6Li, t)18F | Qm = -1.635 |
At E(6Li) = 30 MeV preferential excitation of odd-parity states of 18F below Ex = 5 MeV is reported. Angular distributions of the tritons to 18F*(0, 0.94, 2.10, 4.40) [Jπ = 1+, 3+, 2-, 4-] are all strongly forward peaked: see (1978AJ03).
| 14. (a) 15N(11B, 8Li)18F | Qm = -13.048 |
| (b) 15N(12C, 9Be)18F | Qm = -12.119 |
These reactions have been studied with E(11B) = E(12C) = 115 MeV. Reaction (a) is dominated by the transitions to 18F*(1.12) [presumably Jπ = 5+ state, although the group is unresolved] and to 18F*(7.15, 9.45) [Jπ = (7-) and (6-)]. No single state is strongly preferentially populated in reaction (b). Differential cross sections for 18F*(4.40, 6.10, 7.15, 9.45) [Jπ = 4-, (5-), (7-), (6-)], are fitted by FRDWBA: see (1983AJ01).
| 15. 16O(d, γ)18F | Qm = 7.526 |
The capture cross section rises from 0.1 μb at Ed = 0.4 MeV to 25 μb at 3.5 MeV: Γγ over this range is ≈ 2 eV: see (1972AJ02).
| 16. (a) 16O(d, n)17F | Qm = -1.624 | Eb = 7.526 |
| (b) 16O(d, p)17O | Qm = 1.919 |
Excitation functions and polarization studies have been carried out to
Ed = 17 MeV [see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01)] and at
Ed ≈ 5.6 to 8.3 MeV (1985GR1B; p0,
p3, p4). Structures attributed to states in
18F are displayed in 
18.28 (in PDF or PS). See also 17O in
(1986AJ04, 1993TI07) and 17F
in (1986AJ04, 1993TI07), (1987AJ02), and see (1992LA08) for
applications.
| 17. 16O(d, d')16O | Eb = 7.526 |
The yields and polarized observables of elastically scattered deuterons have been reported for Ed = 0.65 to 56 MeV: see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01). More recent measurements are those by (1985GR1B) [excitation functions for Ed ≈ 5.6 to 8.3 MeV] and the polarization studies at Ed = 20.5 MeV (1984FR14; TAP), 56 MeV (1986MA32, VAP, TAP) and 200, 400 and 700 MeV (1987NG01; VAP, TAP). An analysis for Ed = 400 MeV in terms of the folding model is discussed in (1987GR16). Virtual breakup effects in (d, d) elastic scattering have been studied (1988IS02). For references to earlier work see (1987AJ02), and see the 16O sections of (1986AJ04, 1993TI07).
| 18. 16O(d, α)14N | Qm = 3.111 | Eb = 7.526 |
The yields of various groups of α-particles have been measured for
Ed ≤ 20 MeV: see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01). The yield curves
have been fitted in terms of a large number of states in 18F: see
18.28 (in PDF or PS) here, and 18.16 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03).
A detailed study by (1973JO13) of the
isospin-forbidden α1 yield, analyzed by S-matrix theory,
identifies a large number of isospin-mixed states in 18F, possibly
as many as 138 with 9.2 < Ex < 19.4 MeV. The reaction mechanism
appears to be almost entirely compound nuclear. The isospin impurity, averaged
over 1 MeV intervals, is 3 - 10% for the above Ex range. The average
coherence width increases from ≈ 100 keV at Ex = 14 MeV to ≈ 500
keV at Ex = 20 MeV. The level densities appear to be consistent with
predictions of the Fermi-gas model (1973JO13). See
also (1985JOZZ). [For mixed
isospin states observed in 14N(α,
α1) see 18.14 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03).] Polarized beam
measurements are reported for Ed = 6.8 to 16 MeV: see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01).
| 19. 16O(d, 6Li)12C | Qm = -5.687 | Eb = 7.526 |
Vector and tensor polarized beam measurements are reported for the transitions to 12C*(0, 4.4) at Ed = 18 and 22 MeV (1987TA07; VAP, TAP) and 51.7 MeV (1986YA12; VAP; also to 12C*(14.1)).
| 20. 16O(t, n)18F | Qm = 1.269 |
Recent measurement of neutron yields for Ex = 20 MeV are discussed in (1993DR03, 1993DR04). Applications are discussed in (1987BO16, 1990BA1S). For earlier work see (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02).
| 21. 16O(3He, p)18F | Qm = 2.032 |
Excitation energies derived from measurements of γ-rays are displayed in
18.29 (in PDF or PS) together with l-assignments
obtained from distorted-wave analyses, and Jπ, T and
Kπ assignments from branching ratios, radiative widths, linear
polarization, γ-ray angular distributions and τm
measurements [see also 18.25 (in PDF or PS) and 18.26 (in PDF or PS)]. Studies of this reaction,
together with the work on 14N(α, γ) and
17O(p, γ), have defined the low-lying states
of 18F.
The g-factor of 18F*(0.94) [Jπ = 3+] is (+0.56 ± 0.05): see (1983AJ01). The circular polarization of the 1.08 MeV → g.s. γ-ray, Pγ = (-10 ± 18) × 10-4 (1982AH07), (2.7 ± 5.7) × 10-4 (1985BI03, 1988BI07), (1.6 ± 5.6) × 10-4 (1985EV03), (1.7 ± 5.8) × 10-4 (1987PA07). The weak pion-nucleon coupling constant deduced from the weighted average of all recent Pγ measurements [(1.2 ± 3.9) × 10-4] is (0.3+1.0-0.3) × 10-7. Together with PNC matrix elements in other experiments this suggests that the isovector weak NN interaction may be strongly suppressed compared with the isoscalar weak NN interaction (1985EV03, 1987PA07). For a measurement of the ICC of the 0.94, 1.02, 1.04, and 1.08 MeV γ-rays see (1986KR04). See also (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02) and 19Ne.
A discussion of nuclear tests of fundamental interactions is presented in (1989MC1C). For recent work on the use of this reaction for oxygen analysis, see (1991BA62, 1992CO08). For applications related to 18F production see (1991GU05, 1991SU17).
| 22. 16O(α, d)18F | Qm = -16.321 |
Angular distributions of the deuteron groups to 18F*(1.12) [Jπ = 5+] have been studied at Eα = 28.0 to 33.6 MeV: see (1983AJ01). At Eα = 65.3 MeV a number of angular distributions are reported to 18F states with Ex ≤ 11.4 MeV: 18F*(9.49, 10.54) are suggested to have Jπ = 6- and 7+ respectively (1986KA36). See, however, reactions 9 and 10. The use of this reaction in 18F production is discussed in (1991GU05).
| 23. 16O(6Li, α)18F | Qm = 6.051 |
Angular distributions have been measured at E(6Li) = 5.5 to 34 MeV [see (1983AJ01)] and at E(6Li) = 48 MeV (1984CO05; α0, α1, α4). (1982FR15) report the excitation of a state at Ex = 4848 ± 0.5 keV which decays (35 ± 4)% to 18F*(3.79) [Eγ = 1056.8 ± 0.4 keV] and (65 ± 4)% to 18F*(1.12). Alpha-gamma angular correlations are consistent with Jπ = 5-, and T = 0 (1982FR15). See also (1986GL02) and (1986IC01).
| 24. (a) 16O(11B, 9Be)18F | Qm = -8.290 |
| (b) 16O(13C, 11B)18F | Qm = -11.153 |
| (c) 16O(14N, 12C)18F | Qm = -2.747 |
See (1983AJ01).
| 25. 17O(p, γ)18F | Qm = 5.607 |
Gamma-ray measurements lead to the very accurate Ex determinations
for 18F states below 6.2 MeV: see 18.30 (in PDF or PS). Observed resonances are
displayed in 18.31 (in PDF or PS); branching ratios, radiative
widths and multipole mixing ratios are shown in 18.25 (in PDF or PS); and τm in
18.26 (in PDF or PS).
The direct capture cross section has been studied for Ep = 0.3 to 1.9 MeV: 18F*(5.603, 5.605, 5.668, 5.786 MeV) have Jπ = 1+, 1-, 1- and 2-. The 1- states have mixed isospin. For astrophysical work, see the thermonuclear reaction rate tables in (1985CA41) and the analytical expression presented in (1988CA26). See also (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02).
| 26. 17O(p, n)17F | Qm = -3.543 | Eb = 5.607 |
Observed resonances are displayed in 18.31 (in PDF or PS). Analyzing power measurements
are reported at Ep = 135 MeV (1983PUZZ;
n0).
For astrophysics-related work see the thermonuclear reaction rate tables of (1985CA41) and the analytical expressions of (1988CA26).
| 27. 17O(p, p')17O | Eb = 5.607 |
The elastic scattering has been studied for Ep = 0.5 to 13 MeV [see
(1978AJ03, 1983AJ01)]: observed
anomalies are displayed in 18.31 (in PDF or PS). Analyzing powers have been
measured at Ep = 89.7 MeV (1985VO12).
| 28. 17O(p, t)15O | Qm = -11.325 | Eb = 5.607 |
Analyzing powers have been reported at Ep = 89.7 MeV for the triton groups to a number of 15O states (1985VO12).
| 29. 17O(p, α)14N | Qm = 1.192 | Eb = 5.607 |
The yield of α0 shows a number of resonances for Ep
= 0.49 to 3.0 MeV: see 18.31 (in PDF or PS). The R-matrix fit of (1979KI13),
obtained using data from Ep = 400 to 1400 keV, confirms the earlier
result [see, e.g., reaction 31 in (1978AJ03)]
that a significant quantity of 17O is burned up in the (p, γ) rather than in the for (p, α)
reaction for a wide range of stellar temperatures (1979KI13). See
also (1987AJ02, 1987AS05).
Measurements (1989BO01; see 14N(α, γ)18F reaction) of the first level (Jπ = 1-) of 18F above the proton threshold determined Ex = 5672.57 ± 0.32 keV. This result and a new value for the proton width of this level deduced from 17O(3He, d)18F measurements (1989LA19) lead to substantial changes in the stellar reaction rate for 17O(p, α)14N. [See discussion in (1989LA19).] A direct search for the Ex = 70 keV resonance (Ep = 5672.57 ± 0.32 keV) was carried out and an upper limit for the resonance strength (ωγ ≤ 8 × 10-10 eV) was reported in (1992BE21).
| 30. 17O(3He, d)18F | Qm = 0.113 |
At E(3He) = 15 MeV DWBA analysis of angular distributions of deuteron groups corresponding to states of 18F with Ex < 5 MeV have led to Jπ values and spectroscopic information: see (1972AJ02). Proton widhts of states near the proton threshold were measured by (1989LA19). See also (1987ER05).
| 31. 17O(α, t)18F | Qm = -14.207 |
Measurements and DWBA analysis of differential cross sections at
Eα = 65 MeV are reported in (1992YA08).
Measured level energies and spectroscopic information are included in 
18.32 (in PDF or PS).
| 32. 17O(12C, 11B)18F | Qm = -10.350 |
See (1983AJ01).
| 33. 18O(π+, π0)18F | Qm = 2.939 |
See (1983AS01, 1984AS05, 1989LE1L).
| 34. 18O(p, n)18F | Qm = -2.437 |
(1983AN05) have studied the distribution of Gamow-Teller (GT) strength. At Ep = 135 MeV angular distributions have been studied to the 0+ state at 1.04 MeV and to the 1+ states 18F*(0, 1.70, 3.72, 4.36, 6.26 MeV) as well as to possible 1+; T = 1 groups at Ex = 9.9, 10.9 and 11.9 MeV. 82% of the observed strength lies in the ground state group and 5.5% in the T = 1 states. The observed GT strength is ≈ 2/3 of that expected from the simple sum rule (1983AN05). Multipole decomposition of data from measurements at Ep = 494 MeV is reported in (1994ME07). See also (1978AJ03, 1987AJ02).
More recently the (p, n) reaction as a probe of beta decay strength is discussed in (1987GO1V, 1987TA13, 1988MA53). See also (1989RA1G). Studies of stretched state excitation are described in (1986AN1E) and measurement of spin observables at Ep = 135 MeV are discussed in (1989WAZZ, 1990WAZT). Total cross sections for 18O production from 18O(p, n) were measured by (1990WA10). See (1988HI1F, 1991GU05) for related applications.
| 35. 18O(3He, t)18F | Qm = -1.674 |
At E(3He) = 16 MeV, the triton spectrum is dominated by strong groups to 18F*(0, 0.94) and to the 0+ and 2+, T = 1 states 18F*(1.04, 3.06). Angular distributions have been studied to these and many other states at this energy and at E(3He) = 17.3 MeV. Ay measurements for t0 have been reported at E(3He) = 33 MeV. See (1983AJ01) for references.
| 36. 18O(6Li, 6He)18F | Qm = -5.163 |
The reaction was studied at E(6Li) = 156 MeV by (1990MO13). Evaluated cross sections for Gamow-Teller transitions at 0° and strengths for analogous beta decays were compared.
| 37. 18Ne(β+)18F | Qm = 4.446 |
The half-life of 18Ne is 1672 ± 8 ms [see 18Ne]. The decay
is to 18F*(0, 1.04, 1.08, 1.70 MeV): see 
18.33 (in PDF or PS). and reaction 1 under
18Ne.
| 38. 19F(γ, n)18F | Qm = -10.431 |
Cross sections have been reported to 30 MeV for the transitions to 18F*(0.94, 1.04, 1.08, 3.06, 3.13, 4.75 MeV): see (1983AJ01).
Cross sections for the (γ, n0) photoneutron reaction were measured between 48° and 139° for Eγ = 15 - 25 MeV by (1989KU10). The E1 absorption strength was deduced.
| 39. 19F(n, 2n)18F | Qm = -10.431 |
Cross sections have been measured at En = 18, 21, 23, 25, and 27 MeV (1991HA17).
| 40. 19F(p, d)18F | Qm = -8.207 |
Angular distributions have been reported to many states of 18F with
Ex ≤ 6 MeV: see 
18.20 (in PDF or PS) in (1983AJ01). See also (1987AJ02). Spectroscopic
factors derived from measurements of Ep = 18.6 MeV are discussed in
(1987VA28). See also (1989VAZM).
| 41. 19F(d, t)18F | Qm = -4.174 |
See (1972AJ02, 1978AJ03), and see (1989VAZM) for cross section measurements and deduced level energies and spectroscopic factors. A recent measurement of total cross sections at Ed = 5 - 12 MeV (1993AB18) detected eight resonances with widths Γ ≈ 200 - 400 keV.
| 42. 19F(3He, α)18F | Qm = 10.146 |
See (1978AJ03, 1987VA1I, 1988GOZB), and see (1989VAZM) for cross section measurements and deduced level energies and spectroscopic factors.
| 43. 20Ne(p, 3He)18F | Qm = -15.557 |
See (1978AJ03).
| 44. 20Ne(d, α)18F | Qm = 2.796 |
At Ed = 11 MeV α-groups are observed to many states of 18F with Ex < 7 MeV. Weak or absent (each ≤ 0.3% of the total yield at 30°) are the groups corresponding to 18F*(1.04, 3.06, 4.66, 4.74, 4.96 MeV): T = 1. Measurements of the TAP for Ed = 10.25 to 12.0 MeV leads to assignments of 2-, 1+, 0+, 1-, 1+, 3+, 3+ to 18F*(4.23, 4.36, 4.75, 4.86, 5.603, 6.16, 6.48 MeV). See (1972AJ02, 1978AJ03, 1983AJ01) for references and for other results and (1987HI1B) for applications. Use of this reaction for 18F production is discussed in (1991GU05).
| 45. 21Ne(p, α)18F | Qm = -1.741 |
See (1987GOZX).
| 46. 23Na(p, X)18F |
The 18F yield from protons on 23Na at Ep = 20 - 67.5 MeV was measured (1992LA25) and cross sections were deduced.
| 47. 23Na(d, 7Li)18F | Qm = -12.175 |
See (1984NE1A).
| 48. 27Al(16O, 25Mg)18F | Qm = -9.616 |
Cross sections have been measured for E(16O) = 13.6 GeV/nucleon by (1993CU05).