A=16O (1982AJ01)

1. (a) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, p)¹⁵N Q_m = 18.748 E_b = 30.876
(b) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, d)¹⁴N Q_m = 10.140
(c) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, t)¹³N Q_m = 5.843
(d) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, ³He)¹³C Q_m = 8.083
(e) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, α)¹²C Q_m = 23.714
(f) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, ⁶Li)¹⁰B

At E(⁶Li) = 4.9 MeV, the cross sections for reactions (a) to (e) leading to low-lying states in the residual nuclei are proportional to 2J_f + 1: this is interpreted as indicating that the reactions proceed via a statistical compound nucleus mechanism. For highly excited states, the cross section is higher than would be predicted by a 2J_f + 1 dependence (1966MC05). For reaction (f) see (1976PO02). See also (1977AJ02), and ¹²C in (1980AJ01), ¹³C, ¹³N, ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N in (1981AJ01).

2. ¹⁰B(¹⁰B, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 26.4155

States of ¹⁶O observed at E(¹⁰B) = 20 MeV are displayed in Table 16.10 (in PDF or PS) of (1977AJ02). At the higher excitation energies, states are reported at E_x = 17.200 ± 0.020, 17.825 ± 0.025, 18.531 ± 0.025, 18.69 ± 0.03, 18.90 ± 0.035, 19.55 ± 0.035, 19.91 ± 0.02, 20.538 ± 0.015, 21.175 ± 0.015, 21.84 ± 0.025, 22.65 ± 0.03 and 23.51 ± 0.03 MeV. The reaction excites known T = 0 states: σ_t follows 2J_f + 1 for 11 of 12 groups leading to states of known J. The angular distributions show little structure (1976AJ02). See also (1978MA07) and ²⁰Ne.

3. ¹²C(α, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 7.1620

The yield of capture γ-rays has been studied for E_α < 42 MeV; see Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) of (1977AJ02) and (1981SA07). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS) here.

This reaction plays an important role in astrophysical processes. (1974DY02) has determined σ_E1 for E_α = 1.88 to 3.92 MeV. From these data S(E_α(lab) = 400 keV) = 0.08^+0.05_-0.04 MeV · b (1974KO06) [used a hybrid R-matrix-optical-model analysis of (α, γ) and (α, α)], 0.08^+0.14_-0.07 MeV · b (1976HU10) [used a two channel, two level approximation of a modified K-matrix]. (1974DY02) state that S depends quite strongly on θ²_α(6.92)/θ²_α(7.12): S may have to be increased to allow for the tail of ¹⁶O*(6.92). For astrophysical considerations see the "GENERAL" section here, (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02) and (1976FO1F, 1977BA3Y, 1977SA1W, 1978RO1D, 1978RO1L, 1978TA1U, 1980BA2R, 1981KH1B).

At higher energies the E2 cross section shows resonances at E_x = 13.2, 15.9, 16.5, 18.3, 20.0 and 26.5 MeV [see Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS)]. Some E2 strength is also observed for E_x = 14 to 15.5 and 20.5 to 23 MeV. In the range E_α = 7 to 27.5 MeV the T = 0 E2 strength is ≈ 17% of the sum rule. It appears from this and other experiments that the E2 centroid is at E_x ≈ 15 MeV, with a 15 MeV spread (1974SN02). Structures are observed in the yield of γ-rays from the decay of ¹⁶O*(14.8 ± 0.1) for E_x = 34 - 39 MeV. It is suggested that these correspond to a giant quadrupole excitation with J^π = 8⁺ built on the 6⁺₁ state at E_x = 14.816 MeV (1981SA07). See also (1975HA1R, 1980WE1D).

4. ¹²C(α, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -8.5019 E_b = 7.1620

For cross-section measurements from threshold to E_α = 24.7 MeV see (1971AJ02) and Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS) here. The production of neutrons at E_α = 710 MeV has been studied by (1980CE01). See also (1977AJ02, 1977GR18, 1977LI19) and (1978WE1L; applications).

5. ¹²C(α, p)¹⁵N Q_m = -4.9656 E_b = 7.1620

The yield of p₀ has been studied for E_α = 7.7 to 23 MeV: see (1977AJ02), (1979AMZU, 1982AM02; 15 ≤ E_x ≤ 22 MeV) and (1979MO03; 17.5 ≤ E_x ≤ 18.7 MeV). The excitation curve for p₃ (to ¹⁵N*(6.32)), measured for E_α = 24 to 33 MeV, shows a large peak at E_x ≈ 29 MeV, Γ ≈ 4 MeV. It is suggested that it is related to the GQR in ¹⁶O (1978BU27). For other resonances see Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS). See also ¹⁵N in (1981AJ01).

6. (a) ¹²C(α, d)¹⁴N Q_m = -13.57434 E_b = 7.1620
(b) ¹²C(α, t)¹³N Q_m = -17.8706
(c) ¹²C(α, ³He)¹³C Q_m = -15.6314

See (1981AJ01).

7. ¹²C(α, α)¹²C E_b = 7.1620

The yield of α-particles corresponding to ¹²C*(0, 4.4, 7.7) and of 4.4, 12.7 and 15.1 MeV γ-rays has been studied at many energies in the range E_α = 2.5 to 35.5 MeV: see Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02), (1978AM1B, 1979AMZU, 1979AMZZ, 1982AM02; E_α = 15 to 20 MeV), and (1979AR05; 17 to 23 MeV) and (1981FR11; 17.4 to 20.5 MeV; α₂). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS). No evidence is observed for a narrow (100 eV) 0⁺ state in the vicinity of ¹⁶O*(8.87); thus the α-decay reported in ¹⁶N(β^-) [reaction 52] appears to be due to ¹⁶O*(8.87) (J^π = 2^-) and is thus parity forbidden (1977MC08). No evidence is found by (1981FR11) for 8⁺ strength.

Total reaction cross-section measurements are reported at 1.55 and 2.89 GeV/c per nucleon (1978JA16). See also (1979DE1P, 1979DE31, 1980DE1H, 1980DE28, 1981BA1Q, 1981PE01). For π⁰ measurements see (1976WA10). For spallation measurements see (1977FO04, 1978DU1B, 1979GLZT, 1979VI05, 1980AB1B, 1981GOZY) and (1977AJ02).

8. (a) ¹²C(α, ⁸Be)⁸Be Q_m = -7.4586 E_b = 7.1620
(b) ¹²C(α, 2α)⁸Be Q_m = -7.3667
(c) ¹²C(α, 4α) Q_m = -7.2748

The yield of ⁸Be (reaction (a)) shows a number of resonances: see Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS). There is no evidence below E_x ≈ 24 MeV for J^π = 8⁺ states although the existence of such states below this energy cannot be ruled out since it is possible that the L of the entrance channel inhibits the formation of such states. Above 26 MeV L = 8 becomes dominant (1976BR07). For reactions (b) and (c) see (1977AJ02).

9. ¹²C(⁶Li, d)¹⁶O Q_m = 5.6885

This reaction has been studied at many energies: see the references in (1977AJ02) and Table 16.14 (in PDF or PS). At the higher energies the spectra are dominated by states with J ≥ 4 (and natural parity). An attempt to locate an 8⁺ state with E_x = 17 to 24 MeV by (d, α) angular correlations has been unsuccessful: see (1976AR10; E(⁶Li) = 29.0 and 34.7 MeV). The ratio R [≡ θ²_α(7.1 MeV)/θ²_α(9.6 MeV)] is of astrophysical interest: an FRDW analysis by (1980BE33) leads to R = 0.7 ± 0.2 for s = 5.4 fm. See also (1978BE43).

For analyzing power measurements see ¹⁸F in (1983AJ01): (1978MA13; E(⁶Li) = 20 MeV; to ¹⁶O states with E_x < 11.1 MeV). See also (1979BEZU, 1980FU1D, 1980MA1N), (1977FO1E, 1978BE1H, 1978FI1E, 1979MA1T) and (1976ST22, 1977BA56, 1978AP02, 1978CU07, 1978ME1J, 1979SU1F, 1979ZE1B, 1980AP02; theor.).

10. ¹²C(⁷Li, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.695

This reaction has been studied extensively: see (1977AJ02) for the earlier references. Observed states are displayed in Table 16.14 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been reported recently at E(⁷Li) = 34 MeV (1978BE42; first nine states) and at 68 MeV (1979BE1H; to ¹⁶O*(6.92, 10.35, 16.3)). The value of R [see reaction 9] derived by (1978BE42) is 0.35 ± 0.13. See also ¹⁹F in (1983AJ01), (1976SA1K, 1978CL08, 1979ROZH, 1980DE2K, 1981DE15) and (1977BI1F; theor.).

11. ¹²C(¹⁰B, ⁶Li)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.7014

At E(¹⁰B) = 18 and 45 MeV angular distributions have been studied involving ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1, 7.1, 8.9, 9.9, 10.4) (1970HI08). At E(¹⁰B) = 68 MeV angular distributions to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1, 6.9, 10.4, 11.1, 14.7, 16.2, 20.9) are forward peaked and fairly structureless. ¹⁶O*(0, 6.9, 11.1) are weakly excited (1981BI07). See also footnote ⁱ in Table 16.14 (in PDF or PS) and (1978BE2F).

12. ¹²C(¹¹B, ⁷Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -1.503

See (1978BE2F). See also (1977AJ02).

13. ¹²C(¹²C, ⁸Be)¹⁶O Q_m = -0.2047

Angular distributions have been reported at E(¹²C) to 63 MeV: see (1977AJ02). Angular correlations at E(¹²C) = 78 MeV confirm J^π = 4⁺, 5^-, 6⁺ and 7^- for ¹⁶O*(10.35, 14.59, 16.3, 20.9). Γ_α₀/Γ = 0.90 ± 0.10, 0.75 ± 0.15 and 0.90 ± 0.10, respectively, for the first three of these states. In addition a state is reported at E_x = 22.5 ± 0.5 MeV which may be the 8⁺ member of the K^π = 0⁺, 4p - 4h rotational band (1977SA2A, 1979SA29). For the decay of ²⁰Ne states see (1979YO04) and (1983AJ01). For excitation function and fusion measurements see (1977HI04, 1977WA04, 1978CO05, 1978JA08, 1979HEZX, 1980KO02, 1980WA16, 1980WI1E). See also (1977AB1E, 1978TO12; theor.).

14. ¹²C(¹⁴N, ¹⁰B)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.4512

Angular distributions are reported at E(¹⁴N) = 53 MeV involving ¹⁶O*(0, 6.05, 6.13, 6.92) and various states of ¹⁰B (1976ZE04) and at E(¹⁴N) = 78.8 MeV (1977MO1A, 1979MO14) involving ¹⁶O_g.s..

15. (a) ¹²C(¹⁷O, ¹³C)¹⁶O Q_m = 0.8021
(b) ¹²C(¹⁸O, ¹⁴C)¹⁶O Q_m = 0.9341

Angular distributions are reported at E(¹⁷O) = 30.5 and 33.8 MeV (1978CH16). For reaction (b) see (1977AJ02) and (1978TA09; theor.).

16. ¹²C(¹⁹F, ¹⁵N)¹⁶O Q_m = 3.1481

Angular distributions have been measured at E(¹⁹F) = 40, 60 and 68.8 MeV involving different states in ¹⁵N and ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1, 7.0, 10.4) (1972SC17).

17. ¹²C(²⁰Ne, ¹⁶O)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.4310

Angular distributions have been measured to E(²⁰Ne) = 147 MeV: see (1977AJ02). Excitation functions are reported at E(²⁰Ne) = 45.3 to 93.3 MeV (1978DO01) and 150 to 250 MeV (1979OR01: E_x = 10 - 15 MeV and 20 - 25 MeV). For an experiment studying ¹⁶O + α coincidences see (1981OS07). See also (1975PI05).

18. ¹³C(³He, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 22.7934

The yield of capture γ-rays has been studied for E(³He) to 16 MeV [see (1977AJ02)], as have angular distributions. Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS). It is suggested that the structures at E_x ≈ 26 - 29 MeV are part of giant resonances built on the first few excited states of ¹⁶O (1979VE02).

19. ¹³C(³He, n)¹⁵O Q_m = 7.1295 E_b = 22.7934

The excitation functions to E(³He) = 11 MeV are marked at low energies by complex structures and possibly by two resonances at E(³He) = 1.55 and 2.0 MeV: see Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS). See also (1977AJ02) for polarization measurements.

20. ¹³C(³He, p)¹⁵N Q_m = 10.6658 E_b = 22.7934

Excitation functions for E(³He) = 3.6 to 6.6 MeV have been measured for p₀, p₁₊₂, p₃: a resonance is reported at E(³He) = 4.6 MeV (1978CH19). A resonance at 6 MeV has also been observed: see Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS). See also ¹⁵N in (1981AJ01).

21. ¹³C(³He, d)¹⁴N Q_m = 2.0571 E_b = 22.7934

See ¹⁴N in (1981AJ01).

22. (a) ¹³C(³He, t)¹³N Q_m = -2.2392 E_b = 22.7934
(b) ¹³C(³He, ³He)¹³C

The excitation function for formation of ¹³N_g.s. has been studied for E(³He) = 11 to 17 MeV: see (1977AJ02). Polarization measurements are reported by (1981BA1G) at E(pol. ³He) = 33 MeV (t₀, t₂₊₃). For reaction (b) see Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS).

23. ¹³C(³He, α)¹²C Q_m = 15.6314 E_b = 22.7934

Yields of α₀, α₁, α₂ and γ-rays from the decay of ¹²C*(12.71, 15.11) have been studied up to E(³He) = 12 MeV. Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS). Those seen in the yield of γ_15.1 are assumed to correspond to ¹⁶O states which have primarily a T = 1 character. Analyzing power measurements are reported at E(pol. ³He) = 33 MeV to ¹²C*(4.4) (1981KA1K). See (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02) for the earlier references and ¹²C in (1980AJ01).

24. ¹³C(³He, ⁸Be)⁸Be Q_m = 8.1728 E_b = 22.7934

The excitation function for ⁸Be_g.s. has been studied for E(³He) = 2 to 6 MeV. It shows a strong resonance at E(³He) = 5.6 MeV corresponding to a state in ¹⁶O at E_x = 27.3 MeV. J^π appears to be 2⁺ from angular distribution measurements (1968JA07).

25. ¹³C(α, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.2156

Angular distributions for the n₀ group have been measured for E_α = 12.8 to 22.5 MeV: see (1971AJ02). See also (1977AJ02), (1981HAZV), (1977SC1L, 1980CO1P, 1980TR1K; astrophys.) and (1978GE16, 1980BA1Q; applications).

26. ¹³C(⁶Li, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 6.9994

Angular distributions have been studied at E(⁶Li) = 20 and 28 MeV to ¹⁶O*(0 [at 28 MeV], 6.13, 7.0, 8.87, 9.85, 10.35, 11.09). At these energies the spectra are dominated by the triton groups to ¹⁶O*(11.09, 14.30, 14.39, 14.82). At E(⁶Li) = 25 MeV the excitation of ¹⁶O*(14.52, 14.66) is also reported: see (1977AJ02) and (1980CU03). See also (1977MA2G) and ¹⁹F in (1983AJ01).

27. ¹³C(¹²C, ⁹Be)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.4859

Angular distributions have been measured at E(¹²C) = 87 MeV and at E(¹³C) = 36 MeV: see (1977AJ02). At E(¹³C) = 105 MeV, ¹⁶O*(6.05 + 6.13, 10.35, 16.3, 20.7) are strongly populated (1979BR04).

28. ¹³C(¹⁷O, ¹⁴C)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.0322

Angular distributions have been measured at E(¹⁷O) = 29.8 and 32.3 MeV (1977CH22, 1978CH16).

29. ¹⁴C(³He, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 14.6168

At E(³He) = 11 to 16 MeV, neutron groups are observed to T = 2 states at E_x = 22.717 ± 0.008 and 24.522 ± 0.011 MeV (Γ < 30 keV and < 50 keV, respectively). These two states are presumably the first two T = 2 states in ¹⁶O, the analog states to ¹⁶C*(0, 1.75). J^π for ¹⁶O*(24.52) is found to be 2⁺ from angular distribution measurements (1970AD01). See also (1971AJ02).

30. ¹⁴C(¹⁸O, ¹⁶C)¹⁶O Q_m = -6.720

See ¹⁶C.

31. ¹⁴N(d, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 20.7363

The γ₀ yield has been studied for E_d = 0.5 to 5.5 MeV. Three resonances are reported: see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS). See (1977AJ02) for references.

32. ¹⁴N(d, n)¹⁵O Q_m = 5.0725 E_b = 20.7363

For E_d = 0.66 to 5.62 MeV, there is a great deal of resonance structure in the excitation curves with the anomalies appearing at different energies at different angles: the more prominent structures in the yield curves are displayed in Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS). For polarization measurements see (1977AJ02). See also ¹⁵O in (1981AJ01), (1981NO1B) and (1977YO1F; applications).

33. ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N Q_m = 8.6087 E_b = 20.7363

The yield of various proton groups for E_d < 5.0 MeV shows some fluctuations and two resonances: see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS) and (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02) for the earlier references. Recent work includes that of (1976VA20; 0.309 to 0.638 MeV; p₀, p₁₊₂, p₃, p₄, p₅), (1980NI04; 0.32 to 1.45 MeV; p₅), (1979US01; E_d-bar = 1.50 to 3.00 MeV; p₅) and (1977KO33; E_d = 0.5 to 5.0 MeV; p₀, p₁₊₂, p₃ → p₈, p₁₀). Polarization measurements are also reported by (1980KR01; E_d-bar = 10 MeV; p₀, p₁₊₂, p₃, p₇, p₈; 9.5 to 10.75 MeV; p₄, p₅, p₆). See also (1977AJ02) and ¹⁵N in (1981AJ01).

34. ¹⁴N(d, d)¹⁴N E_b = 20.7363

The yield of elastically scattered deuterons has been studied for E_d = 0.65 to 5.5 MeV and for 14.0 to 15.5 MeV: see (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02). There is indication of broad structure at E_d = 5.9 MeV and of sharp structure at E_d = 7.7 MeV in the total cross section of the d₁ group to the T = 1 (isospin-forbidden), J^π = 0⁺ state at E_x = 2.31 MeV in ¹⁴N. The yield of deuterons (d₂) to ¹⁴N*(3.95) [J^π = 1⁺, T = 0] shows gross structures at E_d = 7.4 and 10.2 MeV (1970DU04): see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS). The yield of d₁ has also been studied for E_d = 10.0 to 17.9 MeV by (1979AO01). For polarization measurements, see (1977AJ02) and (1980KR01: E_d = 10 MeV; d₀). See also ¹⁴N in (1981AJ01) and (1977IZ01, 1977IZ1B, 1979SE04; theor.).

35. (a) ¹⁴N(d, t)¹³N Q_m = -4.2963 E_b = 20.7363
(b) ¹⁴N(d, ³He)¹³C Q_m = -2.0571

For polarization measurements see (1977AJ02) and (1981MA14). See also ¹³C, ¹³N in (1981AJ01).

36. ¹⁴N(d, α)¹²C Q_m = 13.5743 E_b = 20.7363

There is a great deal of structure in the yields of various α-particle groups for E_d = 0.5 to 12 MeV: see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02) for the earlier work, and (1977KO33: 0.5 to 5.0 MeV; α₀ → α₃, α₅ → α₇). The latter group reports broad oscillations (Γ ≈ 0.5 MeV) in the α₀ and α₁ yields for E_d = 2.0 to 5.0 MeV. In addition, ¹⁶O*(23.54) is reflected in the α₃ yield: see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS). The yield of 15.11 MeV γ-rays [from the decay of ¹²C*(15.11), J^π = 1⁺, T = 1] which is isospin-forbidden has been studied for E_d = 2.8 to 12 MeV. Pronounced resonances are observed at E_d = 4.2, 4.58 and 5.95 MeV and broader peaks occur at E_d = 7.1 and, possibly, at 8.5 MeV. See also ¹²C in (1980AJ01).

For polarization measurements, see (1979DE45: E_d-bar = 1.5 to 3.0 MeV; α₀, α₁), (1980KR1G, 1981KR1A: E_d-bar = 10 MeV; α₀ → α₅) and (1977AJ02). See also (1979SE04; theor.).

37. ¹⁴N(t, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 14.4790

See (1977AJ02).

38. (a) ¹⁴N(³He, p)¹⁶O Q_m = 15.2428
(b) ¹⁴N(³He, pα)¹²C Q_m = 8.0808

Observed proton groups are displayed in Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been measured at E(³He) = 2.5 to 24.7 MeV: see (1977AJ02) for the earlier work and (1979SL02: 9.8 MeV; p₀), (1978BI10, 1978FO27: 15 MeV; most states in Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS)) and (1977MA2L: 24.7 MeV; p to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.13, 16.21, 17.14). Branching ratios and τ_m measurements are shown in Tables 16.11 (in PDF or PS) and 16.12 (in PDF or PS).

At E(³He) = 8 MeV a study of the protons in coincidence with 4.4 MeV γ-rays (reaction (b)) indicates that the reaction proceeds via ¹⁶O*(12.51, 13.97, 14.39, 14.92, 15.82, 16.23, 17.82, 18.04) [± 40 keV] (1969HO13). In a kinematically complete experiment at E(³He) = 13 MeV, ¹⁶O*(14.94, 18.04) are strongly populated (1980FRZN; prelim.). See also (1979HAYZ).

39. (a) ¹⁴N(α, d)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.1104
(b) ¹⁴N(α, dα)¹²C Q_m = -10.2724

Angular distributions to states of ¹⁶O have been reported at many energies to E_α = 48 MeV: see (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02). Among the states reported by (1972LO08) [see Table 16.7 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02)] are ¹⁶O*(11.094 ± 3, 14.400 ± 3, 14.815 ± 2, 17.18 ± 50) [MeV ± keV]: the results of (1972LO08) are consistent with J^π = 5⁺, 6⁺, 4⁺ for ¹⁶O*(14.40, 14.82, 16.29) [2p - 2h] and with 6⁺ for ¹⁶O*(16.30) [4p - 4h]. (1979CL10) report Γ_c.m. = 34 ± 12, 27 ± 5 and 70 ± 8 keV, respectively for ¹⁶O*(14.31 ± 10, 14.40 ± 10, 14.81). For reaction (b) see (1977AJ02).

40. ¹⁴N(⁶Li, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 19.2628

Angular distributions have been measured at E(⁶Li) = 5.3 to 6.0 MeV and E(¹⁴N) = 27.6 MeV: see (1977AJ02).

41. ¹⁴N(¹⁰B, ⁸Be)¹⁶O Q_m = 14.7104

See (1978WU1C). See also (1977HI01).

42. (a) ¹⁴N(¹¹B, ⁹Be)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.9204
(b) ¹⁴N(¹³C, ¹¹B)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.0576

At E(¹⁴N) = 50 MeV angular distributions are reported to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1 [u], 7.0 [u], 8.87, 9.85, 10.3 [u], 11.0 [u]) [u = unresolved] (1977RE08). For both reactions see (1980PR09). See also (1977AJ02).

43. ¹⁵N(p, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 12.1276

The yield of ground state radiation (γ₀) has been measured for E_p = 0.15 to 27.4 MeV: see Table 16.18 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and (1979SN01: E_p-bar = 4 to 9 MeV), (1977CH19: 6 to 22 MeV; also γ₂), (1977CA21: E_p-bar = 8.6 to 11 MeV) and (1978OC01: 8.6 to 18 MeV; also γ_1+2+3+4 for 12.7 → 18 MeV). Table 16.18 (in PDF or PS) displays the parameters of the observed resonances. The cross section shows a great deal of structure up to E_p = 17 MeV. Above that energy the γ₀ yield decreases monotonically. Besides the GDR which peaks at ¹⁶O*(22.15) (1978OC01), the giant M2 resonance, based on ¹⁶O*(6.13), is identified to be ¹⁶O*(20.43) (1977CH19), and there is evidence for the emergence of a giant structure (E2) with E_x = 24 - 29 MeV in the γ_1+2+3+4 yield (1978OC01). (1979SN01) report that the total M1 transition strength, built on the 2p - 2h ground state correlations, B(M1)(↓) ≥ 0.24 nm² for ¹⁶O*(16.22, 17.14, 18.8).

A study of the M1 decays of ¹⁶O*(16.22, 17.14) [both J^π = 1⁺; T = 1] to ¹⁶O*(6.05) finds B(M1, 1⁺ → 0⁺₂)/B(M1, 1⁺ → 0⁺₁) ≈ 0.7 for both transitions. The M1 (E2) γ-decay of ¹⁶O*(18.03, 18.98) [J^π = 3^-; T = 1 and J^π = 4^-; T = 1, respectively] to ¹⁶O*(6.13) [J^π = 3^-] are also reported by (1980IK1A). See also (1981SN1A).

Below E_p = 0.4 MeV capture to the ground state is dominant: S(0) = 64 ± 6 keV · b, a value which makes the oxygen side cycle in CNO burning more important than previously thought. Study of the direct radiative capture process leads to a single-particle spectroscopic factor C²S = 1.8 ± 0.4 for ¹⁶O_g.s. (1974RO37).

For branching ratios and Γ_γ values for the low-energy resonances see Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS). See also (1978WI1J, 1979WIZW), (1975HA1Q, 1975PA1J, 1976HA1Q, 1979GL1H, 1979HA1G, 1979SN1A, 1980WE1D, 1981WI1E), (1975ZI1A, 1976BO1M, 1977RO1H, 1978RO1D, 1980BA2R; astrophys.) and (1977BA4A, 1977HO32, 1978BA52, 1978GA13; theor.).

44. ¹⁵N(p, p)¹⁵N E_b = 12.1276

Elastic scattering studies are reported for E_p = 0.6 to 15 MeV: see Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02), 16.18 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02), (1977JA11; 2.50 to 5.14 MeV) and (1978FR04; 2.88 to 3.64 MeV). See also (1976LAZL). Observed anomalies are displayed in Table 16.18 (in PDF or PS). For inelastic groups see (1971DR06). See also (1980FA06) and (1980DO01, 1980HA35; theor.).

45. ¹⁵N(p, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -3.5363 E_b = 12.1276

Excitation functions and cross sections have been measured for E_p = 3.8 to 19.0 MeV: see (1977AJ02) and (1978CH09; 8.5 → 19.0 MeV; n₀). For a listing of observed resonances see Table 16.19 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions of n₀ have been studied for E_p = 5.52 to 9.26 MeV (1981MU01) and 9.05 to 15.62 MeV (1981BY01). Polarization measurements are reported for the n₀ group at E_p-bar = 7 to 17 MeV: see (1981MU1D, 1981WA1F). See also (1977BY1A, 1980BY1A, 1981BY1B), (1976WA1C, 1979BY1B, 1980WA1K, 1981CO1C, 1981WA1G) and (1977BA02, 1977HO32, 1979AB17, 1980DO01, 1980HA35, 1981PH1B; theor.).

46. (a) ¹⁵N(p, t)¹³N Q_m = -12.9050 E_b = 12.1276
(b) ¹⁵N(p, ³He)¹³C Q_m = -10.6658

The yields of the first three triton and ³He groups have been measured for E_p = 24.0 to 43.5 MeV (1974PI05, 1975MI01). Polarized protons with E_p = 43.8 MeV have been used to study the transitions to ¹³C*(0, 3.68, 7.55, 15.11) and ¹³N*(0, 3.51, 7.38, 15.07) (1974MA12). See also ¹³C, ¹³N in (1981AJ01).

47. ¹⁵N(p, α)¹²C Q_m = 4.9656 E_b = 12.1276

Excitation functions for α₀ and α₁ particles [corresponding to ¹²C*(0, 4.43)] and of 4.43 MeV γ-rays have been measured for E_p = 93 keV to 45 MeV: see Tables 16.20 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02), 16.18 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and (1979ZY02: 93 to 418 keV; α₀), (1977BR32: 0.9 to 1.25 MeV; α₀, α₁), (1977JA11: 2.5 to 5.14 MeV; α₀, α₁) and (1978FR04: 2.88 to 3.64 MeV; α₀, α₁). The yield of 15.11 MeV γ-rays has been measured for E_p = 12.5 to 17.7 MeV (1978OC01). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.18 (in PDF or PS).

A study of the α₀ cross section for E_p = 93 to 418 keV leads to S(0) = 78 ± 6 MeV · b (1979ZY02). For the α₁γ-channel S(0) ≈ 0.1 keV · b (1974RO37). See also (1977AJ02), (1979CL10), (1977RO1H, 1980BA2R; astrophys.), (1978TH1F; applications) and (1977GA1H; theor.).

48. ¹⁵N(d, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 9.9029

Observed neutron groups, l-values and spectroscopic factors are displayed in Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions are reported for E_d to 6 MeV: see (1977AJ02).

49. ¹⁵N(³He, d)¹⁶O Q_m = 6.6340

Angular distributions have been measured at E(³He) = 11, 16.0 and 24.9 MeV [see (1977AJ02)]: l- and S-values are shown in Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS).

50. ¹⁵N(α, t)¹⁶O Q_m = -7.6865

At E_α = 65 MeV, the population of many ¹⁶O states with E_x < 22 MeV is reported by (1980YA1B).

51. (a) ¹⁵N(¹¹B, ¹⁰Be)¹⁶O Q_m = 0.8988
(b) ¹⁵N(¹³C, ¹²B)¹⁶O Q_m = -5.406

Angular distributions are reported at E(¹¹B) = 115 MeV to ¹⁶O*(6.13) and at E(¹³C) = 105 MeV to ¹⁶O*(6.13, 8.87) (1979RA10, 1980PR09).

52. ¹⁶N(β^-)¹⁶O Q_m = 10.418

The ground state of ¹⁶N decays to seven states of ¹⁶O: reported branching ratios are listed in Table 16.21 (in PDF or PS). The ground state transition has the unique first-forbidden shape corresponding to ΔJ = 2, yes, fixing J^π of ¹⁶N as 2^-: see (1959AJ76). For the β-decay of ¹⁶N*(0.12) see reaction 1 in ¹⁶N.

The α-decay of ¹⁶O*(8.87, 9.63, 9.85) has been observed: see (1971AJ02). The parity-forbidden α-decay from the 2^- state ¹⁶O*(8.87) has been reported: Γ_α = (1.03 ± 0.28) × 10^-10 eV [E_α = 1282 ± 5 keV] (1974NE10).

Transition energies derived from γ-ray measurements are: E_x = 6130.43 ± 0.05 keV [E_γ = 6129.170 ± 0.043 keV (1975SH18)] and 7116.85 ± 0.14 keV [E_γ = 7115.15 ± 0.14 keV (1976AL16)].

53. (a) ¹⁶O(γ, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -15.6639
(b) ¹⁶O(γ, 2n)¹⁴O Q_m = -28.8882
(c) ¹⁶O(γ, pn)¹⁴N Q_m = -22.9609

The absorption cross section and the (γ, n) cross section are marked by a number of resonances. On the basis of monoenergetic photon data, excited states of ¹⁶O are observed at E_x = 17.3 [u], 19.3 [u] and 21.0 MeV [u = unresolved], followed by the giant resonance whose principal structures are at ≈ 22.2 and 24.1 MeV, with additional structures at 23 and 25 MeV: see (1976BE1H, 1977AJ02). The cross section for (γ, n₀) decreases monotonically for E_x = 25.5 to 43.8 MeV. There is a significant E2 cross section in that region: it exhausts ≈ 68% of the isovector E2 energy-weighted sum rule (1979PH07). The differential (γ, n₀) cross sections have been measured for E_γ = 60 to 160 MeV (1980GO13).

The absorption cross section has been measured from E_bs = 10 MeV to above the meson threshold (1975AH06). The yield of reaction (b) has been studied from threshold to E_γ = 120 MeV [see (1977AJ02)] and for E_bs = 100 to 800 MeV (1977JO02). The (γ, Tn) cross section has recently been reported for E_γ = 15.9 to 39.7 MeV (1980JU01). See also (1976BE1H). The polarization of n₀ has been studied for E_γ = 21.6 to 25.7 MeV (1979NA1R). See also (1977AJ02). For the decay of ¹⁶O* to ¹⁵O states, see ¹⁵O in (1981AJ01). See also (1975KN10), (1976BE1H, 1976KI1F, 1977DA1B, 1979HA1G, 1980CA1P, 1980SC1E, 1981SC1G) and (1976BA48, 1976KA34, 1977GR08, 1977MA2H, 1978CO14, 1978EL05, 1978KA1Q, 1978SC11, 1979MA2L, 1979RO04, 1979RO1B, 1980BO1P, 1980DU21, 1980OS1A, 1980TA1D, 1981BA04, 1981BO1P, 1981CA1F, 1981KO1G, 1981RO1N, 1981WE1C; theor.).

54. (a) ¹⁶O(γ, p)¹⁵N Q_m = -12.1276
(b) ¹⁶O(γ, π⁺)¹⁶N Q_m = -149.986

The (γ, p₀) cross section derived from the inverse capture reaction (reaction 43) confirms the giant resonance structure indicated above, in reaction 53, as do also the direct (γ, p₀) measurements. The total (γ, p) cross section is given by (1968DE07). Recent measurements of the (γ, p₀) cross section are reported by (1977FI03: E_bs = 40 to 105 MeV), (1980SC27: E_γ = 80 MeV; forward angles) and (1977MA01: E_bs = 100 to 280 MeV). See also (1977AJ02) and (1980KH1C, 1980KI1E). The momentum distribution for p_1/2 shell protons in ¹⁶O up to 930 MeV/c has been derived by (1978FI05). See also (1979MA1G). Branching ratios for the decays of ¹⁶O states in the giant resonance region to various excited states in ¹⁵N are discussed in ¹⁵N (1981AJ01).

The cross section for reaction (b) for E_bs = 175 MeV is reported by (1979BO21). See also (1977BE2L, 1981YA1A). For other π-emitting photonuclear reactions see (1979EP02, 1980BO24) and "Special reactions involving ¹⁶O" section here. See also (1976HA1Q, 1980WE1D, 1981HA1T) and (1976BA48, 1976KA34, 1977NE2A, 1978FI10, 1978RO05, 1978SC11, 1979KO17, 1979LE1N, 1979LO03, 1979WA1G, 1980MO1M, 1981BO14, 1981BO1P, 1981CA1F, 1981CO1K; theor.).

55. (a) ¹⁶O(γ, d)¹⁴N Q_m = -20.7363
(b) ¹⁶O(γ, t)¹³N Q_m = -25.033
(c) ¹⁶O(γ, α)¹²C Q_m = -7.1620

For the earlier work on these reactions see (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02). For reaction (a) see also (1979WIZW). A study of the ¹⁶O(γ, α₀) reaction at θ = 45° and 90° shows a 2⁺ resonance at E_x = 18.2 MeV with an E2 strength which is spread out over a wide energy interval. A strong resonance corresponding to an isospin-forbidden 1^- state at E_x ≈ 21.1 MeV is also observed (1975SK06). For spallation see (1978DI1A). See also (1981CH28).

56. ¹⁶O(γ, γ)¹⁶O

(1970AH02) report resonances at E_γ = 22.5 ± 0.3, 25.2 ± 0.3, 31.8 ± 0.6 and 50 ± 3 MeV: the dipole sum up to 80 MeV exceeds the classical value 60 NZ/A MeV · mb by a factor 1.4. See also (1980IS09). The integrated cross section to 31 MeV for elastic scattering is 0.62 ± 0.07 MeV · mb; the inelastic is ≤ 5% of the elastic cross section (1980IS1G). For widths of excited states of ¹⁶O see Table 16.22 (in PDF or PS). The separation between the ¹⁶O*(7.12, 6.92) γ-lines is 199.8 ± 0.5 keV (1970SW03). Based on 7116.85 ± 0.14 keV (Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS)), E_x for the lower state is 6917.11 ± 0.6 keV.

57. (a) ¹⁶O(e, e)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(e, ep)¹⁵N Q_m = -12.1276
(c) ¹⁶O(e, eπ⁺)¹⁶N Q_m = -149.986
(d) ¹⁶O(e, eπ^-)¹⁶F Q_m = -154.996

The ¹⁶O charge radius = 2.710 ± 0.015 fm (1978KI01). Form factors for transitions to the ground and to excited states of ¹⁶O have been reported in many studies: see (1977AJ02) and (1979MI09: q = 0.5 to 2.6 fm^-1; elastic). Table 16.22 (in PDF or PS) lists the excited states observed from (e, e'). The isospin-forbidden (E1) excitation of ¹⁶O*(7.12) has been reported by (1975MI08, 1975MI13): the isovector contribution interferes destructively with the isoscalar part and has a strength ≈ 1% of the T = 0 amplitude (1975MI08). The 0⁺ states of ¹⁶O*(6.05, 12.05, 14.00) saturate ≈ 19% of an isoscalar monopole sum rule (1973BE50). As for the E2 strength it is distributed over a wide energy region: see Table 16.22 (in PDF or PS). The effective mass of an intranuclear nucleon has been derived by (1978DE32) from studies on this and on other light nuclei. See also (1980DE2G).

Reaction (b) has been studied at E_e = 500 MeV: two peaks at E = 11.5 and 18 MeV carry most of the strength of the 1p_1/2 and 1p_3/2 hole states, respectively (1977TU1C). See also (1977BE1Q, 1980BAZG). The virtual photon shape and intensity for (e, e'π) has been deduced at E_e = 180.4 MeV (E_π = 28 MeV, θ_π = 90°) (1980ST15). The ratio π^-/π⁺ for E_e = 280 MeV (E_π = 10 MeV, θ_π = 90°) is reported by (1979JE04). See also (1976BU1H, 1979SC1E, 1980BU1C, 1981BU1C), (1976TU1C, 1979LI06, 1979MO1G, 1980CA1J, 1980MO1C, 1981MO1H) and (1976AN1D, 1976BH1B, 1976FR1G, 1976GA24, 1976HE20, 1976RA34, 1977DE16, 1977HE13, 1977WA1G, 1978CA08, 1978FU04, 1978HA36, 1978HA43, 1978KA04, 1978KR04, 1978RI1C, 1979BU1A, 1979DO17, 1979IN06, 1979KN1E, 1979KO29, 1979LI15, 1979WA1G, 1979RO02, 1980DE30, 1980ER01, 1980GR05, 1980SA1E, 1980SH1N, 1980VA07, 1981AG02, 1981BA10, 1981BO1M, 1981BU04, 1981DE1T, 1981KA12, 1981OR1B, 1981PE1C; theor.).

58. (a) ¹⁶O(π⁺, π⁺)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(π^-, π^-)¹⁶O

Angular distributions of elastically scattered pions have been studied at E_π⁺ = 20 MeV (1981OB1B), E_π^- = 20, 30, 40 and 50 MeV (1981KA1N), 29.2 MeV (1979JO08), E_π⁺ = 30.0 and 49.7 MeV (1981PR03), 40 and 49.7 MeV (1978MA14, 1979BL07), 46.8 MeV (1979DY02), 79, 114, 163, 240 and 343 MeV (1978AL03, 1978IN04, 1978JA13 (π^±), 1980AL24), at E_π^- = 114, 163 and 240 MeV (1978IN04) and at E_π^± = 165 and E_π⁺ = 315 MeV (1980NA10). At E_π^- = 1 GeV/c angular distributions of ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1) are reported. See also (1978BU09) and (1977AJ02) for the earlier work. At E_π⁺ = E_π^- = 164 MeV ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1, 6.9 + 7.1, 11.5, 17.8, 19.0, 19.8) are relatively strongly populated. The π⁺ and π^- cross sections to ¹⁶O*(17.8, 19.8) [J^π = 4^-; T = 0] are substantially different while those to ¹⁶O*(19.0) [4^-; 1] are equal. Isospin mixing is suggested with off-diagonal charge-dependent mixing matrix elements of -147 ± 25 and -99 ± 17 keV (1980HO13). [See also reaction 81]. See also (1977MI19, 1980MI05, 1981BA1N, 1981BA12, 1981OBZZ), (1980DE24, 1981CU04, 1981TA08; theor.) and the "Pion capture and reactions" section here.

59. ¹⁶O(n, n)¹⁶O

Angular distributions have been measured at energies to E_n = 24 MeV: see Tables 16.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02) and 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and (1975BE1Y: 5.04, 6.25, 9.29 MeV), (1978NO04: 8.85 MeV; 6.13 MeV γ-ray), (1977GL1B: 9.25 to 15 MeV; n₀) and (1980GR15: 24 MeV; n₀, n₂, n₃) [β₃ = 0.60, β₂ = 0.36]. The energy of ¹⁶O*(6.13) is E_x = 6129.1 ± 1.2 keV [E_γ = 6127.8 ± 1.2 keV] (1966BE1A). See also (1978BE2B), (1977AJ02), (1977NO07, 1977PH01, 1978TA1A, 1978TH1A; theor.) and ¹⁷O.

60. (a) ¹⁶O(p, p)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(p, 2p)¹⁵O Q_m = -12.1276
(c) ¹⁶O(p, pd)¹⁴N Q_m = -20.7363
(d) ¹⁶O(p, pt)¹³N Q_m = -25.033
(e) ¹⁶O(p, p³He)¹³C Q_m = -22.7934
(f) ¹⁶O(p, pα)¹²C Q_m = -7.1620

Angular distributions of elastically and inelastically scattered protons have been measured at many energies up to E_p = 1000 MeV: see Tables 16.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02), 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. Parameters of the observed groups are displayed in Table 16.24 (in PDF or PS). At E_p = 135 MeV, ¹⁶O*(17.79, 18.98, 19.80) [± 0.04 MeV] are strongly populated: the angular distributions of the proton groups lead to an assignment of 4^- for ¹⁶O*(17.79) (1979HE09). Angular distributions of the protons to ¹⁶O*(8.88) [J^π = 2^-] at E_p-bar = 42.5, 44.0 and 49.3 MeV lead to strength distributions which suggest the existence of an octupole (E3) giant resonance at E_x ≈ 40 MeV (1977PE09). At E_p-bar = 40 MeV the spin-flip cross section to ¹⁶O*(8.88) is interpreted as showing dominance of multistep processes in the reaction (1978MO14, 1981CO08). See also (1977KI1N; 3 GeV; intensity of 6.13 MeV γ-ray).

For reaction (b) see (1976KI10, 1980KI06; E_p-bar = 200 MeV). See also (1977NA29, 1978NA18, 1980SA1J), ¹⁴N in (1981AJ01) and ¹⁷F. For reactions (c), (d) and (e) see (1977GR04; E_p = 75 MeV). For reaction (f) see (1981CA02; E_p = 101.5 MeV; to ¹²C_g.s.) and ¹²C in (1980AJ01). For the cross section for production of pions at E_p = 585 MeV see (1979CR1E). For antiproton scattering see (1981AU01; theor.).

61. ¹⁶O(d, d)¹⁶O

Angular distribution studies have been carried out for E_d up to 81.6 MeV: see Tables 16.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02), 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. Observed deuteron groups are displayed in Table 16.24 (in PDF or PS). See also ¹⁸F in (1983AJ01), (1977TE1A) and (1976CO29, 1976LE26, 1977DM1A, 1978LE13, 1978TA1A, 1978TH1A, 1979GR11, 1980AY01, 1980NI11; theor.).

62. ¹⁶O(t, t)¹⁶O

Angular distributions are reported for E_t to 20.01 MeV: see Tables 16.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02) and 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02). See also (1978LE13, 1980KH09; theor.). See also ¹⁹F in (1978AJ03).

63. ¹⁶O(³He, ³He)¹⁶O

Angular distributions have been measured to E(³He) = 132 MeV: see Tables 16.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02), 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. Inelastic groups are shown in Table 16.24 (in PDF or PS). The total E2 strength exhausted to E_x = 30 MeV is ≈ 37% of the quadrupole EWSR (1977BU03; see also for β₂R). See also (1977SE1F), (1975AU01; S_α), (1976HA1Q, 1979KA1G, 1980TR1L) and (1977LE05, 1978LE13, 1978TA1A, 1978TH1A, 1979BE1Q, 1979LE18; theor.).

64. (a) ¹⁶O(α, α)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(α, 2α)¹²C Q_m = -7.1620

Angular distributions of α-particles have been measured up to E_α = 146 MeV: see Tables 16.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02), 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. Observed excited states are displayed in Table 16.24 (in PDF or PS).

The isoscalar (E2, T = 0) giant resonance decays predominantly via the α₁ channel which contains ≈ 40% of the E2 EWSR, rather than via the α₀ and p₀ channels (1978KN02; E_α = 155 MeV). See also (1976HA27, 1980HA07, 1981HA14). Reaction (b) has also been studied by (1980WA07; E_α = 140 MeV) and (1979DO04; E_α = 700 MeV): values of S_α and N_eff are derived. See also (1976WO11, 1977AJ02). For the (α, αp) reaction see (1980SA1D).

65. (a) ¹⁶O(⁶Li, ⁶Li)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(⁷Li, ⁷Li)¹⁶O

For studies of the elastic scattering see Table 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. For studies of (d - α) angular correlations see ²⁰Ne in (1983AJ01). See also (1977SA1X, 1979KN1A), (1976OG1A, 1978FI1E) and (1978ME14, 1978PE1C, 1979SU1F, 1980KH09, 1981ME1E, 1981DY02, 1981GU1B; theor.).

66. ¹⁶O(⁹Be, ⁹Be)¹⁶O

For angular distributions see Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS). For fusion cross sections see (1977SW05, 1978CH02). See also (1978PA1B, 1979HU1B, 1979MA30, 1979PAZY, 1981GU1B; theor.).

67. (a) ¹⁶O(¹⁰B, ¹⁰B)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(¹¹B, ¹¹B)¹⁶O

Angular distributions are displayed in Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS). For fusion cross-section measurements (reaction (a)) see (1979GO09, 1980WI09, 1981THZY). See also (1979GO1R) and (1980VA03, 1981VA1E; theor.).

68. (a) ¹⁶O(¹²C, ¹²C)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(¹²C, α¹²C)¹²C Q_m = -7.1620

Angular distributions have been reported at many energies to E(¹⁶O) = 315 MeV: see reaction 64 (1971AJ02) and Tables 16.25 (in PDF or PS) (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. Most of the studies of this reaction have involved yield and cross-section measurements, as they apply to compound structures in ²⁸Si, as well as fusion cross sections: see (1977AJ02) and to compound structures in ²⁸Si, as well as fusion cross sections: see (1977AJ02) and (1977BR38, 1977CO20, 1977NA23, 1977TA03, 1978CH15, 1978FE04, 1978JA04, 1978KA13, 1978MA22, 1978MA32, 1978SC06, 1979CH07, 1979FU02, 1979JA25, 1979KO03, 1979KO20, 1980BE02, 1980FR10, 1980FR05, 1980JA06, 1981FU05). See also (1976FR20, 1978CI06, 1978MA1R, 1978SH01, 1979FRZX, 1979LUZW, 1979UZ1A, 1980FR1N, 1980WI1P, 1981SCZX, 1981WIZW).

At E(¹⁶O) = 77 MeV reaction (b) mainly proceeds via ¹⁶O*(10.3 ± 0.4, 14.8 ± 0.4) [which are associated with the J^π = 4⁺, 6⁺ states ¹⁶O*(10.35, 14.82)] (1979FU02). At E(¹⁶O) = 140 MeV the breakup is interpreted as proceeding via ¹⁶O*(11.6, 13.1, 15.8) (1980RA12). See also (1979SC10). For the excitation of the GQR in ¹²C see (1979DO01: E(¹⁶O) = 315 MeV).

69. (a) ¹⁶O(¹³C, ¹³C)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(¹⁴C, ¹⁴C)¹⁶O

For elastic scattering studies see Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS). For reaction (a) see also (1979CH07; fusion), (1980RA12; α-breakup) and (1976DU04, 1979GAZV). For reaction (b) see (1978BE2C, 1981KO07). For theoretical papers see (1978PA1B, 1978SC1E, 1979HE02, 1979PAZY, 1981HA18).

70. (a) ¹⁶O(¹⁴N, ¹⁴N)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(¹⁵N, ¹⁵N)¹⁶O

For elastic scattering studies see Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS) and (1977AJ02). For total fusion cross-section measurements (reaction (a)) see (1977SW02, 1977VO08, 1981VO01). See also (1978AV1A, 1978VA1A; theor.).

71. ¹⁶O(¹⁶O, ¹⁶O)¹⁶O

The angular distributions for elastic scattering have been measured with E(¹⁶O) up to 140.4 MeV: see reaction 66 in (1971AJ02), Table 16.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1977AJ02) and 16.23 (in PDF or PS) here. The angular distributions corresponding to the excitation of the first four excited states of ¹⁶O have been studied at 51.5 and 140.4 MeV: see (1977AJ02). For yield and total fusion cross sections see (1977KO16, 1978FE04, 1978TS04, 1979CH19, 1979KO15, 1979KO20, 1980FR10, 1980HU12, 1981LA08). See also (1980CH1E, 1980WE1B, 1981VOZX).

72. (a) ¹⁶O(¹⁷O, ¹⁷O)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(¹⁸O, ¹⁸O)¹⁶O

Angular distributions of elastically scattered ions have been studied at E(¹⁶O) = 24, 28 and 32 MeV and E(¹⁷O) = 53.0 to 66 MeV (reaction (a)) and at E(¹⁶O) = 24 to 54.8 MeV and E(¹⁸O) = 53.1 to 89.3 MeV (reaction (b)): see (1977AJ02) and (1981CA1E; E(¹⁸O) = 35 MeV). Yields and fusion cross sections are reported by (1980WI09) (reaction (a)) and (1978FR05) (reaction (b)). See also (1977CA1Q, 1979RA10), (1974FI1D, 1978HO1C) and (1977IM1B, 1978LE16, 1978LE17, 1979CR03, 1979LE1B; theor.).

73. ¹⁶O(¹⁹F, ¹⁹F)¹⁶O

Elastic scattering angular distributions have been studied at E(¹⁶O) = 21.4 and 25.8 MeV and at E(¹⁹F) = 33 and 36 MeV: see (1977AJ02). See also (1977SC1K, 1980OH05; theor.).

74. ¹⁶O(²⁰Ne, ²⁰Ne)¹⁶O

Elastic scattering angular distributions have been measured at E(¹⁶O) = 40.7, 51.1 and 59.4 MeV (see (1977AJ02)), 94.8 MeV (1977MO1A, 1979MO14; also excited states of ²⁰Ne) and at E(²⁰Ne) = 50 MeV (1976ST18; also excited states of ²⁰Ne). See also (1980GAZX). For yield and fusion cross-section measurements see (1978SH1P, 1978GA1G, 1979GA1F, 1979GAZY, 1979KOZL, 1979REZS, 1980DI1B, 1980GAZX, 1981GA1D, 1981GA1F; all abstracts). See also (1979VA1B) and (1979JA11, 1979LE1B, 1980GA1E, 1980OH05, 1981AN1D; theor.).

75. (a) ¹⁶O(²⁴Mg, ²⁴Mg)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(²⁶Mg, ²⁶Mg)¹⁶O

Elastic angular distributions are reported at E(¹⁶O) = 35 to 50 MeV (1979FO13), 46.3 and 60.3 MeV (1980PA08; also 2⁺ in ²⁴Mg) and 67 MeV (1981EC02; also various ²⁴Mg states) for reaction (a), and at 35 to 50 MeV (1979FO13) and 27.4 to 48.4 MeV (1980RO16; also 2⁺ in ²⁶Mg) for reaction (b). Yield and fusion measurements have been carried out by (1978HO20, 1978TA05, 1979FO13, 1979LE02, 1979PEZP, 1980KO1D, 1980PA08, 1980RO16, 1981DR02). See also (1980RA1F), (1978TA1B) and (1978HO13, 1980GA1J, 1980LO02, 1980PA1H, 1980SA1G, 1981DE16; theor.).

76. ¹⁶O(²⁷Al, ²⁷Al)¹⁶O

An elastic angular distribution has been measured at E(¹⁶O) = 46.5 MeV (1978PE13). For yield and fusion cross-section measurements see (1977EI01, 1979RA21, 1980SH10, 1981LE04). See also (1978KE1H, 1979VA12, 1980MI1B, 1980SA1L, 1980TA1B), (1977SC1G, 1978HO1C, 1978MA1F, 1979HU1E) and (1977AF04, 1978BI1G, 1978VA1A, 1979KA27, 1980LO02, 1980SA1G, 1981AC1A, 1981DE16, 1981SA02, 1981VA1H; theor.).

77. (a) ¹⁶O(²⁸Si, ²⁸Si)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(²⁹Si, ²⁹Si)¹⁶O
(c) ¹⁶O(³⁰Si, ³⁰Si)¹⁶O
(d) ¹⁶O(³²S, ³²S)¹⁶O

Angular distributions for reaction (a) are reported at E(¹⁶O) = 32 MeV (1978CA07; also ²⁸Si* 2⁺), 33 to 81 MeV [(1973GA09) and see (1976CR04)], 33, 36 and 38 MeV (1977EC04), 35.7 and 38.2 MeV (1979REZT), 41.23 to 63 MeV (1977BR10, 1978GE14, 1978SH02, 1980SH1D, 1980SH1L), 56 MeV (1979ME04; also ²⁸Si*), 60 MeV (1978DU07; also ²⁸Si*), 141.5 MeV (1978SA06; also ²⁸Si*) and 215.2 MeV (1976CR04). For reaction (c) see (1979REZT). For yield and fusion cross-section measurements see (1978BA02, 1979BA49, 1979FO13, 1979JO07, 1979KU09, 1979RA21, 1980BE03). See also (1979BRZW).

78. (a) ¹⁶O(⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁰Ca)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(⁴⁴Ca, ⁴⁴Ca)¹⁶O
(c) ¹⁶O(⁴⁸Ca, ⁴⁸Ca)¹⁶O

Elastic angular distributions are reported on ⁴⁰Ca at E(¹⁶O) = 50 MeV (1979KU02), 51.5 and 54 MeV (1981AL12; also ⁴⁰Ca*), 56.8 to 62.8 MeV (1978GE09), 60 MeV (1978RE02; also ⁴⁰Ca*) and 55.6, 74.4, 103.6, 139.6 and 214.1 MeV (1979VI13), while the elastic scattering on ⁴⁸Ca has been studied at 60 MeV (1978KO01; also ⁴⁰Ca*). Yield and fusion cross-section measurements are reported by (1978GE09, 1979KU02, 1979VI13, 1980KU1F). See also (1978OL1B), (1977ZE1F, 1979HE1M) and (1977AF04, 1977WE1M, 1978KO1U, 1978PA1G, 1978PE1E, 1979BA38, 1979BA41, 1979BE32, 1979BO18, 1979LE1B, 1979PEZR, 1979WO1C, 1980BE19, 1980IZ1A, 1980LA1M, 1980LE11, 1980MA34, 1980RH1A, 1980WO06, 1981VA1H; theor.).

79. ¹⁷O(γ, n)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.1443

See ¹⁷O.

80. ¹⁷O(p, d)¹⁶O Q_m = -1.9197

Angular distributions for the ground state deuteron group have been studied at E_p = 8.62 to 11.44 MeV (1975CR05). At E_p = 31 MeV, angular distributions are reported for the deuterons corresponding to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.05 + 6.13, 7.12, 8.87, 10.35, 12.97, 13.26). States at E_x = 15.22 and 15.42 MeV were also observed. Spectroscopic factors were obtained from a DWBA analysis (1970ME01).

81. ¹⁷O(d, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.1130

Information obtained from this reaction at E_d = 52 MeV is displayed in Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS). Comparison of the (d, t) and (d, ³He) reactions leads to assignments of analog states in ¹⁶N and in ¹⁶O [see reaction 26 in ¹⁶N and Table 16.10 (in PDF or PS)] (1977WA11, 1978MA16). See also (1981MA1E). A study of this reaction, the (d, ³He) reaction, and reaction 82 below, suggests that there is more than 17% isospin mixing of the 2^- states ¹⁶O*(12.97, 12.53): the corresponding mixing matrix element is ≥ 155 ± 30 keV (1977WA11). An isospin mixing matrix element of 110 ± 10 keV for the 4^- states ¹⁶O*(17.79, 18.98, 19.80) is compatible with the results from this reaction and with pion scattering (1981CU04). [See also reaction 58.] See also (1980BR1H) below and ¹⁹F in (1983AJ01).

82. ¹⁷O(³He, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 16.4335

Angular distributions are reported at E(³He) = 11 MeV (1971BO02). Angular correlations have been studied by (1980BR1H) [see for spectroscopic factors relating to a number of states of ¹⁶O with E_x > 12.9 MeV with the ¹⁷O_g.s. as well as with states of ¹⁵N]. Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS) displays some of the information derived from this reaction. For polarization measurements see (1981KA1L, 1981RO1H) and ²⁰Ne in (1983AJ01).

83. ¹⁸O(γ, 2n)¹⁶O Q_m = -12.1889

See (1976BA41) and ¹⁸O in (1983AJ01).

84. ¹⁸O(p, t)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.7069

Angular distributions of tritons have been measured for E_p to 43.7 MeV: see (1971AJ02, 1977AJ02) for the earlier references and (1980AN21; E_p = 23 MeV; t₀). The population of ¹⁶O*(22.7, 24.5) is consistent with L = 0 and 2, respectively, and with assignments of T = 2, J^π = 0⁺ and 2⁺ (1964CE05). The decay of ¹⁶O*(22.7), [J^π = 0⁺; T = 2], is via α₀, α₁ and α₂ [¹²C*(0, 4.4, 7.7)] with 1.6 ± 0.7, 1.9 ± 0.7 and 14 ± 2% branches and Γ_i(eV) = 190 ± 100, 230 ± 110 and 1680 ± 550 eV, respectively; via p₀, p₁₊₂, p₃ with 7 ± 2, 11 ± 2 and 5 ± 2% branches and Γ_i(eV) = 840 ± 343, 1320 ± 454 and 600 ± 300 eV; and via n₁₊₂ with a 23 ± 15% branch [Γ_n = 2760 ± 1970 eV] (the n₀ branch is < 15%) (1979FR04) [Γ_i are based on a total width of 12 ± 3.5 keV]. See also (1977AJ02), ¹⁹F in (1983AJ01) and (1977ST19, 1978KU03, 1979AM03, 1979BE34, 1980FE01, 1980WE03, 1980WE10, 1981BE09; theor.).

85. ¹⁸O(α, ⁶He)¹⁶O Q_m = -11.215

Angular distributions have been measured at E_α = 58 MeV to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1, 6.92, 7.12). Groups at E_x = 10.4, 13.3 ± 0.1 and 16.3 ± 0.1 MeV were also observed (1975VA01).

86. ¹⁸O(¹⁷O, ¹⁹O)¹⁶O Q_m = -0.187

Angular distributions are reported at E(¹⁷O) = 36 MeV (1977KA1Y; to ¹⁶O_g.s. and ¹⁹O states). See also (1976DU04).

87. ¹⁸O(¹⁸O, ²⁰O)¹⁶O Q_m = -0.628

Angular distributions involving ¹⁶O_g.s. and ²⁰O states are reported at E(¹⁸O) = 24 to 36 MeV (1977KA21) and at 52 MeV (1979KU01).

88. ¹⁹F(p, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 8.1137

Angular distributions have been reported at many energies to E_p = 44.5 MeV [see (1977AJ02)] and at E_p = 0.83 to 0.87 MeV (1974CA22: α₀), 1.5 to 3.8 MeV (1976CA1P: α₀), 2.06 to 2.68 MeV (1980CU09: α₀, α₁) and 13.5 to 18.0 MeV (1977ST03: α₀). Observed states of ¹⁶O are displayed in Table 16.31 (in PDF or PS) in (1971AJ02).

The E0 transition (6.05 → 0; 0⁺ → 0⁺) has been investigated in some detail: the internal conversion to pair production ratio is (4.00 ± 0.46) × 10^-5 (1963LE06). The ratio of double γ-emission to pair production Γ_E1E1/Γ_E0(π) = (2.5 ± 1.1) × 10^-4 (1975WA20). τ_m for ¹⁶O*(6.05) = 96 ± 7 psec (1973BI17). ¹⁶O*(6.13) has also been studied extensively: |g| = 0.55 ± 0.04, τ_m = 26.6 ± 0.7 psec (1973BR31). A search for double positron-electron pair creation by the 6.13 MeV γ-ray was unsuccessful: the ratio of the cross section for production of such a double pair to the cross section for formation of a single pair is -(2 ± 5) × 10^-5 (1972WI09). The previously reported ground state decay of ¹⁶O*(10.95) [0^- → 0⁺] is not observed; neither is a pair peak due to a (10.95 → 7.12) decay (1978AL19). For γ-ray branching ratios and lifetimes see Tables 16.10 (in PDF or PS) and 16.11 (in PDF or PS).

See also ²⁰Ne in (1983AJ01), (1966YO1A, 1976GO1M, 1976HE1N), (1978AK1A, 1978AN1M, 1978CH2D, 1978GO1F, 1978VO1G, 1980DI03, 1980KE02; applications) and (1979LE1M; theor.).

89. ¹⁹F(³He, ⁶Li)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.0937

Angular distributions have been measured to E(³He) = 40.7 MeV: see (1977AJ02).

90. ¹⁹F(α, ⁷Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -9.234

See (1977AJ02).

91. (a) ²⁰Ne(γ, α)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.7309
(b) ²⁰Ne(p, pα)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.7309
(c) ²⁰Ne(α, 2α)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.7309

For reaction (a) see ²⁰Ne in (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01). For reaction (b) see (1981CA02). For reaction (c) see (1977AJ02) and (1977CH02; theor.).

92. ²⁰Ne(d, ⁶Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.2574

Angular distributions have been studied at E_d to 40 MeV [see (1977AJ02)] and at 80 MeV (1979OE02; ¹⁶O_g.s.; relative S_α). See also (1978BE1H) and (1977BI1F, 1978KA22, 1978SH1Q; theor.).

93. ²⁰Ne(³He, ⁷Be)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.145

At E(³He) = 30 MeV angular distributions involving ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1) and the first two states of ⁷Be are reported by (1970DE12).

94. ²³Na(e, e'⁷Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -19.701

See (1978SA1F). See also (1979CA1E).

95. ²⁴Mg(e, e'⁸Be)¹⁶O Q_m = -14.135

See (1979SAZM).

96. ²⁴Mg(α, ¹²C)¹⁶O Q_m = -6.769

Angular distributions are reported at E_α = 22.8 to 25.4 MeV (1978SO10; ¹⁶O_g.s.) and at 90.3 MeV (1980BE04, 1980BE15; to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.1, 7.0, 8.8, 9.8, 10.3)).

97. ²⁴Mg(¹²C, ²⁰Ne)¹⁶O Q_m = -2.151

See (1978NO02). See also (1978LE21; theor.).

98. ²⁸Si(e, e'¹²C)¹⁶O Q_m = -16.7542

See (1978SA1F). See also (1980SC1F; theor.).