A=16O (1971AJ02)

2. (a) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, p)¹⁵N Q_m = 18.751 E_b = 30.877
(b) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, d)¹⁴N Q_m = 10.141
(c) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, t)¹³N Q_m = 5.845
(d) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, ³He)¹³C Q_m = 8.085
(e) ¹⁰B(⁶Li, α)¹²C Q_m = 23.716

At E(⁶Li) = 4.9 MeV, the cross sections for reactions (a) to (e) leading to low-lying states in the residual nuclei are proportional to (2J_f+1): this is interpreted as indicating that the reactions proceed via a statistical compound nucleus mechanism. For highly excited states, the cross section is higher than would be predicted by a (2J_f+1) dependence (1966MC05). The yield curves for α₀ and α₁ (reaction (e)) measured at 0° for E(⁶Li) = 3.2 to 13.6 MeV show broad structures. At 90°, for E(⁶Li) = 9.7 to 13.0 MeV no structure is apparent, suggesting that the 0° yield is explainable in terms of Ericson fluctuations (1967SE08). See also (1963MO1B, 1964GA1E, 1967CA1D, 1970GI05).

3. ¹⁰B(¹⁴N, ⁸Be)¹⁶O Q_m = 14.708

τ_m for ¹⁶O*(6.13) = 21⁺¹_-7 psec. The ground state E3 transition has a strength of 62 W.u. (1969NI09).

4. ¹¹B(⁷Li, 2n)¹⁶O Q_m = 12.169

τ_m for ¹⁶O*(8.88) = 0.37 ± 0.13 psec. The transition energy for 8.88 → 6.13 is 2740.4 ± 1.0 keV (1969TH01).

5. ¹²C(α, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 7.161

The yield of capture γ-rays has been studied for E_α < 23.5 MeV: see Table 16.10 (in PDF or PS). The cross section rises from (1.1 ± 0.4) × 10^-3 μb at E_α = 1.86 MeV to (29 ± 4) × 10^-3 μb at E_α = 3.11 MeV. At E_α = 1.6 MeV, the capture cross section is < 0.3 × 10^-3 μb (1970JA09). At higher energies resonances are observed. These are displayed in Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) (1960ME02, 1964LA16, 1965MI05, 1967SU02). Widths for γ-emission have been measured for several of the corresponding ¹⁶O states: see Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS) (1963GO31, 1964LA16, 1966GO18, 1967GO08, 1967SU02). See also (1969BR1L) and (1967GI1C, 1969GI1B; theor.). The asymmetries in the angular distributions in this reaction and in the inverse reaction ¹⁶O(γ, α)¹²C are the same within one standard deviation: there is no evidence for failure of time reversal invariance (1970VO13). The relevance of this reaction to the buildup of elements in stars is discussed by (1967ST1M, 1967WI1B, 1970TO1C, 1970WE1A, 1970WE1F) and in earlier papers listed in (1959AJ76).

6. ¹²C(α, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -8.507 E_b = 7.161

Cross section measurements have been made from threshold to E_α = 24.7 MeV: see Table 16.10 (in PDF or PS). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) (1963NE05, 1968BL08, 1970BE1T). See also (1962GO1J, 1963GO1J, 1965AL1J, 1965TS1A) and (1963KE1A; theor.). See also ¹⁵O in (1970AJ04).

7. ¹²C(α, p)¹⁵N Q_m = -4.965 E_b = 7.161

The yield of protons corresponding to the ground state of ¹⁵N has been studied for E_α = 7.7 to 23 MeV: see Table 16.10 (in PDF or PS). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) (1960PR13, 1964AT02, 1964CA07, 1965MI05, 1968MO1H, 1970BE1T, 1970NE1H). See also (1963KE1A; theor.) and ¹⁵N in (1970AJ04).

8. ¹²C(α, d)¹⁴N Q_m = -13.575 E_b = 7.161

See ¹⁴N in (1970AJ04). See also (1968NO1C; theor.).

9. ¹²C(α, α)¹²C E_b = 7.161

The yield of α-particles corresponding to ¹²C*(0, 4.4) and of 4.4 MeV γ-rays has been studied at many energies in the range E_α = 2.5 to 35.5 MeV: see Table 16.10 (in PDF or PS). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS) (1953HI05, 1954BI96, 1955RA1B, 1961MI03, 1962JO09, 1962JO14, 1964CA07, 1964LA16, 1964MI08, 1964MI12, 1965MI05, 1966LA09, 1967LA1J, 1968AG03, 1968CL04, 1968MO08, 1968MO1H, 1969AG06, 1970HA15, 1970NE1H, 1970OP01). See also (1961FE02 and private communication, 1966BO28).

In a study of the yield of α₀ and α₁ for E_α = 18.9 to 30.1 MeV, (1970MO06) find that the cross section for the α₁ group is in general greater than that for the α₀ group [see also (1964MI08)]. Resent phase-shift analyses are reported by (1968CA11, 1969CL08, 1970MO06). The inclusion of the bound level of ¹⁶O* at 7.12 MeV produces an improved fit to the low-energy p-wave phase shift data and leads to θ²_α for ¹⁶O*(7.12) = 0.71^+0.37_-0.18 (1969CL08). The energy dependence of the α₁ - γ_4.4 angular correlation has been studied for E_α = 18 to 24 MeV by (1968KL07).

Astrophysical considerations are discussed by (1970MO22).

The non-elastic cross section at E_α = 40 MeV has been measured by (1963IG01, 1963WI1D). Polarization measurements have been made at E_α = 22.5 MeV by (1964EI01) and at E_α = 22.75 MeV by (1970HA15). At the higher energy the cross section is free of resonance structure (1970HA15). Spallation studies are reported by (1968JA1J, 1968JU04, 1969JU03, 1970BA48, 1970JA1Q, 1970JU05, 1970RA30, 1970SC1F).

See also (1963DA1D, 1969BR1D), (1965BE16, 1966CE1E, 1967GR1F, 1968SH1G, 1969PI02; theor.), ¹²C in (1968AJ02) and (1959AJ76).

10. ¹²C(α, ⁸Be)⁸Be Q_m = -7.464 E_b = 7.161

The yield of ⁸Be shows a number of resonances for E_α = 11.85 to 19.4 MeV, some of which are attributed to rotational states of ¹⁶O: see Table 16.11 (in PDF or PS). J^π assignments were made from angular distribution studies (1967CH21). Levels seen in this reaction are attributed by (1967AB02, 1967AB04) to a rotational band generated by an axially symmetric 8p - 8h state.

11. ¹²C(⁶Li, d)¹⁶O Q_m = 5.689

At E(⁶Li) = 20 and 29 MeV and at E(¹²C) = 18 to 24 MeV, deuteron groups are observed to many of the states with E_x ≤ 16.2 MeV (1967LO01, 1968ME10, 1970CO26). The spectrum at E(⁶Li) = 20 MeV is dominated by the groups corresponding to ¹⁶O*(10.34, 14.8, 16.2) with J^π = 4⁺, 6⁺ and 6⁺, respectively (1967BE24, 1968ME10, 1970CO26). In addition, the excitation of a state at E_x ≈ 20.8 MeV (Γ ≈ 600 keV) is reported by (1970CO26): it may be the 8⁺ member of the first even parity rotational band in ¹⁶O, which is believed to have a predominantly 4p - 4h character (1970CO26). See also (1969GO19). Measured angular distributions are listed in Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS). (1967LO01) have analyzed their data to obtain θ²_α for all ¹⁶O states with E_x < 10.4 MeV. See also (1960SH01, 1963OL1A, 1967CA1D, 1967DZ01, 1968OG1A, 1969CO1D, 1969GI1B, 1970OG1A), (1968RO1D, 1970DO07; theor.) and ¹⁸F in (1972AJ02).

12. ¹²C(⁷Li, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.694

At E(⁷Li) = 15 to 31.5 MeV, triton groups are observed to many of the states with E_x ≤ 16.2 MeV (1969GI1B, 1969GO19, 1970CO26, 1970PU01). As in ¹²C(⁶Li, d)¹⁶O, the spectra are dominated by groups corresponding to the 4⁺ and 6⁺ states at ¹⁶O*(10.34, 14.8, 16.2) and by ¹⁶O*(20.8). Table 16.13 (in PDF or PS) lists the measured angular distributions. From these distributions and the weak excitation of ¹⁶O*(8.87) it is concluded that the reaction proceeds predominantly by a direct α-transfer (1970PU01). See also (1963OL1A, 1967CH34, 1967OG1A, 1968DA20, 1968OG1A, 1970OG1A), (1969DA14, 1970DO07, 1970DU1E; theor.) and ¹⁹F in (1972AJ02).

13. (a) ¹²C(¹⁰B, ⁶Li)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.700
(b) ¹²C(¹¹B, ⁷Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -1.503
(c) ¹²C(¹²C, 2α)¹⁶O Q_m = -0.113

For reaction (a), see (1970JA1B, 1970VO1F). For reaction (b), see (1970JA1B). For reaction (c), see (1959AL1H, 1968JA1F, 1970JA1B) and ²⁰Ne in (1972AJ02).

14. ¹²C(¹⁴N, ¹⁰B)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.452

See (1967BI1F, 1969BR1D).

15. (a) ¹²C(¹⁶O, ¹²C)¹⁶O
(b) ¹²C(¹⁸O, ¹⁴C)¹⁶O Q_m = 0.934

For reaction (a) see (1968VO1A). See also (1967AB1D, 1970CL1E, 1970HE1E, 1970JA1B, 1970VO1F; theor.). For reaction (b) see (1969BR1D, 1969SU1E, 1970BA1J).

16. ¹²C(¹⁹F, ¹⁵N)¹⁶O Q_m = 3.150

See (1967BO1P, 1969VO1D, 1970VO1F).

17. ¹²C(²⁰Ne, ¹⁶O)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.432

See (1970JA1B).

18. ¹³C(³He, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 22.793

The yield of ground state γ-rays for E(³He) = 1.0 to 3.5 MeV shows two strong resonances corresponding to ¹⁶O*(24.1, 25.1) [see Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS)] (1966PU01). See also (1970MO1A).

19. ¹³C(³He, n)¹⁵O Q_m = 7.125 E_b = 22.793

The excitation functions (see Table 16.14 (in PDF or PS)) are marked at low energies by complex structures, and possibly by two resonances at E(³He) = 1.55 and 2.0 MeV (see Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS)) (1963DE02, 1965DI07). For E(³He) = 7.5 to 11 MeV, the n₀ curve is rather featureless (1964DE1C). Polarization measurements are reported by (1968ST19: 3.0 to 3.9 MeV; n₀) and by (1969DE1R, 1969DE1Q: 4.2 to 5.7 MeV; n₀). See also (1961JO07, 1964DI1C). See (1969BA1N) for a discussion of astrophysical implications. See also ¹⁵O in (1970AJ04).

20. ¹³C(³He, p)¹⁵N Q_m = 10.667 E_b = 22.793

The yield curves for p₀ and p₁₊₂ (see Table 16.14 (in PDF or PS)) show a resonance corresponding to ¹⁶O*(27.6) (1968WE15). See also (1970ST1M) and ¹⁵N in (1970AJ04).

21. ¹³C(³He, ³He)¹³C E_b = 22.793

See (1967WE06, 1968WE15) and Tables 16.14 (in PDF or PS) and 16.15 (in PDF or PS).

22. ¹³C(³He, α)¹²C Q_m = 15.631 E_b = 22.793

Yields of α₀, α₁, α₂ and γ-rays from the decay of ¹²C*(12.71, 15.11) have been studied at many energies: see Table 16.14 (in PDF or PS). Observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.15 (in PDF or PS): those seen in the yield of 15.1 MeV γ-rays are assumed to correspond to ¹⁶O states which have primarily a T = 1 character since ¹²C*(15.11) has T = 1 (1964KU09, 1968MO1J, 1968WE15, 1968WE13, 1968WE1C, 1969TA09). See also (1968WE1F) and ¹²C in (1968AJ02).

23. ¹³C(³He, ⁸Be)⁸Be Q_m = 8.168 E_b = 22.793

The excitation function for ⁸Be_g.s. has been studied for E(³He) = 2 to 6 MeV. It shows a strong resonance at E(³He) = 5.6 MeV corresponding to a state in ¹⁶O at E_x = 27.3 MeV. J^π appears to be 2⁺ from angular distribution measurements. ¹⁶O*(27.3) does not belong to the rotational band studied by (1967CH21) in ¹²C(α, ⁸Be)⁸Be: J^π for such a rotational state at E_x = 27 MeV would have to be 14⁺. The off-resonance cross section is comparable to typical cross sections observed in the (³He, α) process (1968JA07).

24. ¹³C(α, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.215

A threshold for ¹⁶O*(6.05) is observed at E_α = 5.05 MeV (1956BO61). The angular distributions of neutrons corresponding to the ground state have been measured for E_α = 12.8 to 14.1 MeV (1962NI04), 17.4 to 22.5 MeV (1963DE27, 1965DE1F). See also (1961DE08, 1963WE1C), (1959CA1A, 1959MD1A, 1964KE1C, 1964MC1B; theor.) and ¹⁷O.

25. ¹³C(⁶Li, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 7.000

At E(⁶Li) = 20 MeV, triton groups corresponding to ¹⁶O states with E_x < 16.9 MeV have been observed. Angular distributions have been obtained for ¹⁶O*(6.13, 6.92, 7.12, 8.87, 9.85, 10.34, 11.10). The triton groups corresponding to ¹⁶O*(11.09) dominate the spectra; ¹⁶O*(14.4, 14.8) were also strongly excited (1969BA50). See also (1969GI1B, 1970OG1A).

26. ¹³C(¹²C, ⁹Be)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.489

See (1969GI1B, 1970JA1B).

27. ¹⁴C(³He, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 14.616

At E(³He) = 11 to 16 MeV, neutron groups are observed to T = 2 states at E_x = 22.717 ± 0.008 and 24.522 ± 0.011 MeV (Γ < 30 keV and < 50 keV, respectively). These two states are presumably the first two T = 2 states in ¹⁶O, the analog states to ¹⁶C*(0, 1.75). J^π for ¹⁶O*(24.52) is found to be 2⁺ from angular distribution measurements (1970AD01). Angular distributions are also reported at 2.1 to 3.4 MeV (1961JO24; n₀) and at 6 MeV (1970HO08; n₀, n₁₊₂, n₃₊₄). See also (1969BA1Z) and ¹⁷O.

28. ¹⁴N(d, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 20.736

The γ₀ yield has been studied for E_d = 0.5 to 5.5 MeV. The yield shows a resonance at E_d = 2.2 MeV corresponding to a state in ¹⁶O at E_x = 22.7 MeV, formed with a cross section of ≈ 6 μb. The angular distribution of γ₀ at resonance is on the whole consistent with E1. Structure at E_x = 22.2 and 24.5 MeV is also reported (1966SU05, 1966SU1C). See also (1961SU17, 1963SU09). (1969GI1B) attributes the 2.2 MeV resonance to a 2p - 2h 1^-; T = 1 state whose formation is possible because of polarization of the deuteron and isospin impurity. See also Tables 16.16 (in PDF or PS) and 16.17 (in PDF or PS) and (1967GI1C, 1969MA1N, 1969RA1F, 1969WE1H; theor.).

29. ¹⁴N(d, n)¹⁵O Q_m = 5.068 E_b = 20.736

For E_d = 0.66 to 5.62 MeV, there is a great deal of resonance structure in the excitation curves with the anomalies appearing at different energies at different angles (1960RE07): see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS) for a summary of recent yield and polarization experiments. Angular distributions have been measured at many energies: see Table 15.27 (in PDF or PS) in (1970AJ04). The more prominent structures in the yield curves are displayed in Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS) (1960RE07, 1965BU1A, 1965JA1F). See also (1958WE1C, 1960EL04, 1960MO18), and (1959AJ76).

30. ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N Q_m = 8.610 E_b = 20.736

Quite a lot of structure is observed in the yield curves of various proton groups for E_p = 0.5 to 5.5 MeV: see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS) for a summary of recent yield and polarization measurements, and (1961SJ1B, 1962GO21, 1967BO37, 1969GO14) for data showing the fluctuations. Angular distributions have been obtained at many energies: see Table 15.16 (in PDF or PS) in (1970AJ04). Resonant structure reported by (1962GO21, 1970NE1H), is displayed in Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS). See also (1961JO13) and (1959AJ76).

31. ¹⁴N(d, d)¹⁴N E_b = 20.736

The yield of elastically scattered deuterons has been studied for E_d = 0.65 to 5.5 MeV: see Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions for various deuteron groups have been measured at many energies: see Table 14.23 (in PDF or PS) in (1970AJ04) and (1967FL10, 1970DU04). (1967FL10) report a number of resonances in the d₀ yield corresponding to states in ¹⁶O with 22.6 ≤ E_x ≤ 25.2 MeV. There is indication of broad structure at E_d = 5.9 MeV and of sharp structure at E_d = 7.7 MeV in the total cross section of the d₁ group to the T = 1 (isospin-forbidden), J^π = 0⁺ state at E_x = 2.31 MeV in ¹⁴N. The yield of deuterons (d₂) to ¹⁴N*(3.95) [J^π = 1⁺; T = 0] shows gross structures at E_x = 7.4 and 10.2 MeV (1970DU04). The d₁ resonance at E_d = 5.9 MeV is also reported in the (isospin-forbidden) yield of 15.11 MeV γ-rays to the 1⁺; T = 1 state of ¹²C: see reaction 33. For a display of the information on reported resonances, see Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS). See also (1968NO1C; theor.).

32. ¹⁴N(d, t)¹³N Q_m = -4.296 E_b = 20.736

See ¹³N in (1970AJ04).

33. ¹⁴N(d, α)¹²C Q_m = 13.575 E_b = 20.736

A great deal of structure is observed in the yields of various α-particle groups for E_d = 0.5 to 12 MeV. Recent measurements are summarized in Table 16.16 (in PDF or PS). The more prominent structures in the yields of α₀, α₁, α₂ and α₃ are displayed in Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS) (1961IS03, 1962AL09, 1962IS02, 1967LA16, 1970NE1H). See also (1964CH1B, 1964CH1C, 1964MA53, 1965SC12, 1967BO37, 1969GO14) for other fluctuation data. The yield of 15.11 MeV γ-rays [from the decay of ¹²C*(15.11), J^π = 1⁺; T = 1] which is isospin-forbidden has been studied for E_d = 2.8 to 12 MeV. Pronounced resonances are observed at E_d = 4.2, 4.58 and 5.95 MeV and broader peaks occur at E_d = 7.1 and, possibly, at 8.5 MeV (see Table 16.17 (in PDF or PS)). Above E_d = 9.5 MeV, the yield curve is quite featureless (1965BR08). Angular distributions have been measured at many energies between E_d = 0.5 and 28.5 MeV: see ¹²C in (1968AJ02). See also (1959FI30, 1961JO13, 1965ST02).

34. (a) ¹⁴N(t, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 14.479
(b) ¹⁴N(t, np)¹⁵N Q_m = 2.353
(c) ¹⁴N(t, nα)¹²C Q_m = 7.318

At E_t = 2.2 to 2.6 MeV, the two-stage reaction (b) proceeds via ¹⁶O*(14.94, 16.22) (1961JA14) while reaction (c) proceeds via ¹⁶O*(13.10, 15.42) (1962SI04).

35. (a) ¹⁴N(³He, p)¹⁶O Q_m = 15.243
(b) ¹⁴N(³He, pα)¹²C Q_m = 8.081

At E(³He) = 3.7, 4.0 and 13.0 MeV, high-resolution spectral studies have led to E_x and Γ determinations for 33 excited states of ¹⁶O with E_x < 21.1 MeV: see Table 16.18 (in PDF or PS) (1964BR08, 1968CO1R, 1968CO1T). The separation of ¹⁶O*(6.05, 6.13), is 81.0 ± 1.0 keV (C.P. Browne, private communication). The states with E_x > 15 MeV are believed to have T = 1 (1968CO1T). Angular distributions have been measured at E(³He) = 2.5 to 5.5 MeV (1963GO09; p₀), 4.5 and 5.5 MeV (1963GO09; p₁₊₂, p₅), 8.0 to 10.6 MeV (1962BI01) and 13.0 MeV (1968CO1T: see Table 16.18 (in PDF or PS)).

The branching ratios of ¹⁶O*(8.87, 10.95, 11.08) are listed in Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS) (1959BR68, BE69W). These, as well as p - γ angular correlation measurements, lead to the assignments J^π = 2^-, 0^- and 3⁺, respectively for ¹⁶O*(8.87, 10.95, 11.08) (1959BR68, 1959KU78). The mean lifetimes for these states are displayed in Table 16.19 (in PDF or PS) (1968HE1K, 1969FI02, 1970BE27, 1970FI06).

At E(³He) = 8 MeV, a study of the protons in coincidence with 4.4 MeV γ-rays (reaction (b)) indicates that the reaction proceeds via ¹⁶O states with E_x = 12.51, 13.97, 14.39, 14.92, 15.82, 16.23, 17.16, 17.82, 18.04 MeV (± 40 keV) (1969HO13).

See also (1962CL02, 1964GO1F, 1965BA1Q, 1966BA55, 1967BA1E).

36. (a) ¹⁴N(α, d)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.111
(b) ¹⁴N(α, dα)¹²C Q_m = -10.272

The excitation of a number of ¹⁶O states with E_x < 17.2 MeV has been reported at E_α = 40 to 48 MeV by (1962CE01, 1962HA40, 1966RI04, 1970ZI03). In particular strong deuteron groups are reported to states with E_x = 14.40 ± 0.03, 14.82 ± 0.03, 15.80 ± 0.04, 16.24 ± 0.04 and 17.17 ± 0.04 MeV, with Γ_c.m. = 30 ± 30, 69 ± 30, (60), 125 ± 50 and (70) keV, respectively (1970ZI03). Angular distributions of the deuteron groups corresponding to ¹⁶O*(14.39, 14.82, 16.23) have been measured at E_α = 40 and 42 MeV. A T = 0 state at E_x ≈ 13.1 MeV is also reported (1966RI04); see, however, (1970ZI03). See also (1962CE01, 1962HA40). Angular distributions are also reported by (1959ZE1A: 43 MeV; d₀) and (1962CE01: 48 MeV; d₀, d₁₊₂, d₅).

An experiment to test time-reversal invariance by the principle of detailed balance in this reaction and in the reaction ¹⁶O(d, α)¹⁴N [see ¹⁴N in (1970AJ04)] shows that detailed balance is satisfied to ± 0.5% (1967TH1E, 1968TH1J).

The two-stage reaction (reaction (b)) at E_α = 22.9 MeV appears to proceed via ¹⁶O states at E_x = 9.85 ± 0.07, 10.37 ± 0.07 and 11.14 ± 0.07 MeV (1968KU1C, 1969BA17). See also (1969BR1D) and (1963GL1C, 1965GR1F; theor.).

37. ¹⁴N(⁶Li, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 19.264

Angular distributions of the α-particles to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.05 + 6.13, 6.92 + 7.12) have been determined at E(⁶Li) = 5.3 to 6.0 MeV (1968RI13). See also reaction 1.

38. ¹⁴N(¹¹B, ⁹Be)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.918

See (1966PO1E, 1967PO1E, 1967VO1A).

39. ¹⁵N(p, γ)¹⁶O Q_m = 12.126

The yield of ground state radiation (γ₀) has been measured for E_p = 0.17 to 18 MeV: see Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS) for a summary of the measurements and Table 16.21 (in PDF or PS) for a display of the observed resonances. Angular distributions of the γ₀ radiation have been measured at many energies. The cross section shows a great deal of structure in quite good agreement with the results of high-resolution studies of ¹⁶O(γ, n)¹⁵O and ¹⁶O(e, ep)¹⁵N (see reactions 48 and 55). The excitation energies corresponding to the most pronounced resonances are in good agreement with the predictions of the shell model (1964TA06). Above E_p = 8 MeV, the angular distributions indicate the presence of a very broad 2⁺ state (E_x ≈ 30 MeV, Γ ≈ 5 MeV), and imply the presence of a similarly broad 1^- state. In addition a number of weak 1^- states with Γ ≈ 0.5 MeV appear to be present (1967EA02). The main part of the giant resonance at E_x ≈ 22.2 MeV [E_p = 10.7 MeV] shows some structure (1967BL23). (1970BA33) suggest that ¹⁶O*(19.90, 20.39), observed in the (γ₁ + γ₂) yield, are 2⁺ states from the coupling of the 1^- states at 12.44 and 13.10 MeV to the 3^- state at 6.13 MeV. Above E_p = 14 MeV, no pronounced structures are observed but there is some evidence for weak structures corresponding to E_x ≈ 25.5 and 26.4 MeV (1967BL23).

Branching ratios and Γ_γ values for the low-energy resonances are listed in Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS) (1963GO22, 1968GO07, 1968WI15, 1969BR1L). See also (1966GO1H). It appears that one needs to introduce 3p - 3h admixtures into the T = 0 states and probably into those of T = 1 (1968WI15). An analysis of (p, γ) structure in terms of the theory of statistical fluctuations and a comparison with direct radiative capture calculations have been made by (1965TA1E). See also (1959TA1A, 1961WE01, 1962RI08), (1962WA1C, 1967TA1D) and (1965MA1H, 1966LE1M, 1967BU05, 1967KO1H, 1969SA12, 1969WE1H; theor.). See also (1959AJ76).

40. ¹⁵N(p, p)¹⁵N E_b = 12.126

Elastic scattering studies are reported for E_p = 0.6 to 11.7 MeV (see Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS)): observed anomalies are shown in Table 16.21 (in PDF or PS) (see also (1962DE09)). The inelastic scattering of protons has also been studied for E_p = 9 to 11.7 MeV (p₁₊₂) and 10.3 to 11.5 MeV (p₃). In addition to other structures, a strong resonance in the (p₁₊₂) scattering occurs at E_p ≈ 10.0 MeV (1969DR1C). See also (1966WA1L) and (1959AJ76).

41. ¹⁵N(p, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -3.542 E_b = 12.126

The absolute total cross section has been measured with excellent resolution and statistics for E_p = 3.8 to 12 MeV by (1968BA42): observed resonances are displayed in Table 16.22 (in PDF or PS). (1968BA42) also discusses in detail the relationship of his results and the data reported in other experiments, including a comparison with analog states in ¹⁶N [see Fig. 5]. Excitation functions have also been reported from threshold to 13.6 MeV: see Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been measured at many energies: see ¹⁵O in (1970AJ04). Polarization measurements have been made for the n₀ group from E_p = 7.9 to 12.3 MeV (1964WA1G, 1965WA02). (1969BA1N) discuss the astrophysical implications of this reaction. See also (1961SA01) and (1966WA1L, 1967KA1E, 1968HA15, 1968KA1G, 1969HA1J, 1969PE1J; theor.).

42. (a) ¹⁵N(p, α)¹²C Q_m = 4.965 E_b = 12.126
(b) ¹⁵N(p, t)¹³N Q_m = -12.906
(c) ¹⁵N(p, ³He)¹³C Q_m = -10.667

Excitation functions for α₀ and α₁ particles (corresponding to ¹²C*(0, 4.43)) and of 4.43 MeV γ-rays have been measured for E_p = 0.2 to 15.2 MeV: see Table 16.20 (in PDF or PS). Several resonances are reported for E_p < 3.5 MeV (1952SC28, 1957HG01, 1959BA15, 1959VA04, 1960HE02, 1964BO13, 1966AD04, 1968GO07, 1969CL07): see Table 16.21 (in PDF or PS), and see also (1959AJ76). At higher energies, there is continuing structure in the yield curves, which is interpreted in terms of fluctuations: see (1962RO04, 1963RO01, 1967NO02) and (1964TE1D, 1964TE1E, 1964TE1F). Angular distributions have been obtained at many energies: see ¹²C in (1968AJ02). Angular correlation measurements lead to J^π = 2^-, 1^-, 3^-, and 1⁺, respectively for the resonances at E_p = 0.898, 1.08, 1.21, and 1.64 (1969CL07). For polarization measurements see (1966AD04). See also (1963MI1C, 1964EC03, 1969BR1L), (1963MI1H), Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS) and (1965MA1H; theor.).

Polarization measurements of tritons and ³He particles (reactions (b) and (c)) at E_p = 43.8 MeV are reported by (1970HA23): some of the transitions exhibit asymmetries at variance with DWBA predictions (1970HA23).

43. ¹⁵N(d, n)¹⁶O Q_m = 9.901

Neutron groups corresponding to many of the ¹⁶O states with E_x < 13.3 MeV have been observed: see Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions are reported at E_d = 1.0 MeV (1967CO1R; n₀, n₁₊₂, n₃₊₄, n₅), 1.1 to 5.2 MeV (1958WE31; n₀), 1.8 and 3.0 MeV (1967CO1R; n₀), 2.5 to 3.0 MeV (1963FE01, 1963FE1B; n₀, n₂ → n₅), 5 and 6 MeV (1970MU1H: see Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS)), and 6 MeV (1967FU07; n₀, n₂ → n₅); l-values are displayed in Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS). The angular distribution of the n₃ group (to ¹⁶O*(6.92)) does not show a stripping pattern.

Slow neutron thresholds have been observed at E_d = 1.192 and 1.335 MeV corresponding to ¹⁶O* = 10.952 ± 0.010 and 11.078 ± 0.015 MeV (1957WE1A, 1958WE1C). The 10.94 MeV state is observed to decay only to ¹⁶O*(7.12), J^π = 1^-. This suggests J^π = 0^- for ¹⁶O*(10.94), an assignment strongly favored also by the γ - γ correlation (1957BE61): see also Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS).

See also (1962LE1A; theor.) and ¹⁷O.

44. ¹⁵N(³He, d)¹⁶O Q_m = 6.632

Angular distributions of the deuterons corresponding to a number of states of ¹⁶O have been measured at E(³He) = 11 MeV (1969BO13) and at E(³He) = 16.0 and 24.9 MeV (1969FU08): l and S values derived from DWBA analyses are shown in Table 16.23 (in PDF or PS). See also (1963PA01, 1965SE01, 1968SE1C, 1969FU1J).

45. ¹⁵N(α, t)¹⁶O Q_m = -7.688

Not reported.

46. ¹⁵N(¹¹B, ¹⁰Be)¹⁶O Q_m = 0.898

See (1967PO13, 1969BR1D).

47. ¹⁶N(β^-)¹⁶O Q_m = 10.422

¹⁶N decays to seven states of ¹⁶O: reported branching fractions are listed in Table 16.24 (in PDF or PS). The ground state transition has the unique first-forbidden shape corresponding to ΔJ = 2, yes, fixing J^π of ¹⁶N as 2^-. This assignment is also indicated by the fact that the transitions to ¹⁶O*(6.13, 7.12) are both allowed (see (1959AJ76)).

A 1% allowed branch leads to ¹⁶O*(8.88): J^π is then 1^-, 2^- or 3^-. The α-decay from this state has been reported: Γ_α = (1.8 ± 0.8) × 10^-10 eV; E_α = 1278 ± 10 keV (1970HA42). The γ-branching and γ - γ correlation (8.88 → 6.13 → g.s.) are consistent with the assignment J^π = 2^- (1956WI1A). See also (1961KA06, 1961SE01, 1969HA42). The α-decays of ¹⁶O*(9.59, 9.85) have been observed: see (1961KA06, 1961SE01, 1969HA42). See (1969GA10) for a discussion of parity-forbidden alpha decays of ¹⁶O levels.

Recently reported transition energies derived from γ-ray measurements are: E_x = 6130.96 ± 0.28 and 7118.72 ± 0.49 keV [E_γ = 6129.70 ± 0.28 and 7117.02 ± 0.49 keV] (1967CH19) and 6129.6 ± 0.4 keV (1968SP01). E_γ = 6128.9 ± 0.4 keV (1966GR18). ΔE_x for ¹⁶O*(7.12, 6.13) = 987 ± 3 keV (1965CR01). See also (1959PR73, 1963AL18, 1964AL22) and (1960ZI1B, 1963SO04, 1964NA1C, 1966CO1H, 1966LA1J, 1968JA10, 1969HE1R, 1969WA1C, 1970MC1J, 1971TO08).).

48. (a) ¹⁶O(γ, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -15.668
(b) ¹⁶O(γ, 2n)¹⁴O Q_m = -28.887

Recent papers reviewing this reaction are (1963HA1E, 1964BI1E, 1966FU1C, 1966HA1M, 1966ME1H, 1966MI04, 1967DO1A, 1967FU1G, 1967MI15, 1967SH1E, 1968GI1F, 1968SC1B).

The absorption cross section and the (γ, n) cross section are marked by a number of resonances. The reported structure is displayed in Table 16.25 (in PDF or PS) (1962BU23, 1962FI04, 1963BU18, 1963FU05, 1963GE13, 1964BR03, 1964TE04, 1965CA14, 1965DO05, 1966CO08, 1967DO1A, 1967MI15, 1970IV01). There are still conflicting reports on which structures are real [there are relatively few results obtained with monochromatic γ-rays] and on their widths, when these are given. For curves of the (γ, n) cross section obtained with monochromatic γ-rays, see, e.g., (1965CA14, 1966MI04). For other reports of cross sectionmeasurements see (1960CA09, 1961BR28, 1962BI09, 1962BR16, 1962DE03, 1962MI07, 1964DE1D, 1965HA19, 1965VE03, 1965WY02, 1968WU01, 1969BE92, 1969KH01, 1969NA1D, 1969NA23, 1970JU02).

The splitting of the giant resonance peak is ascribed by (1967GI1B) to the existence of a 2p - 2h coherent quasi-bound state lying in the dip of the photoabsorption cross section.

Branching ratios for the decays of ¹⁶O in the giant resonance region to various excited states in ¹⁵O have been reported by many groups: see reaction 22 in ¹⁵O (1970AJ04). The cross section is reported to display a maximum at 23.5 MeV for emission of neutrons to ¹⁵O*(6.18) [J^π = 3/2^-] (1966MA1T). See (1970HO21). See also (1964TA1C, 1965WI03, 1967CA1C, 1967CA1P, 1967FU1G, 1969MU07).

Polarization measurements are reported by (1964HA1F, 1967HA1N, 1967HA1P, 1968WU01, 1969CO15). See also (1959CA1C, 1959MI89, 1959MI95, 1959PE21, 1959PE24, 1959PE32, 1959SA08, 1960SA01, 1960WY1A, 1960ZI01, 1961FI04, 1961KE02, 1961RO1C, 1962BO1D, 1962FU11, 1962GO1E, 1962GO27, 1963AN02, 1963CA12, 1963GR1F, 1963GR35, 1964BE1E, 1964YE02, 1965GR1K, 1965MA45, 1966BA56, 1966FI1C, 1966KA1C, 1966MA1T, 1967FI1E, 1967FO1D, 1967GL1B, 1968BA2L, 1968CO1Q, 1968KA38, 1969HO1T, 1970CO1Q, 1970HE19, 1970ST1E; exp.), (1962RE1A, 1963FE1C, 1963GR1D, 1964EI1A, 1964FU1B, 1965WE06, 1966GI1B, 1966ME1J, 1966RA1E, 1967BA2C, 1967BU05, 1967DU1C, 1967FU02, 1967GI1C, 1967KA1E, 1967LE1H, 1967RA1D, 1968ER1B, 1968KA1G, 1969ER1A, 1969FU05, 1969MA35, 1969PE06, 1969PE1J, 1969RA1F, 1969SA12, 1969SE1C, 1969UB01, 1969UN05, 1969VA1A, 1969WA1G, 1969WE1H, 1970MU1D; theor.), (1959AJ76) and "Giant resonance" in the "GENERAL" section here. For reaction (b), see (1962BR16, 1968ME23).

49. ¹⁶O(γ, p)¹⁵N Q_m = -12.126

Resonances in the yield of ground state protons have been observed at 20.89, 22.20, 23.03, 24.23, 24.99, (25.42), 26.37 and 31.15 MeV using bremsstrahlung radiation (1969BA39, 1969FR20). See also (1963FI1B, 1968ST11). Angular distribution coefficients show strong correlation with the structure in the cross section. It is predominantly d-wave protons from the 1^- states of ¹⁶O which are emitted, although some s-wave emission is required by the data (1969FR20). (1969BA39) report that, in the region between 20 and 30 MeV, there is interference from the E2, p-wave proton channel, and possibly also from an M1 absorption channel. The peak interfering amplitude is > 10% of the corresponding E1 amplitude (1969BA39). ∫³⁰₂₁ σdE = 37 MeV · mb (1969BA39). See also (1967TH04).

Branching ratios for the decays of ¹⁶O states in the giant resonance region to various excited states in ¹⁵N have been reported by many groups: see reaction 55 in ¹⁵N (1970AJ04) and (1970HO21).

For a calculation of the (γ, p) cross section from the ¹⁵N(p, γ)¹⁶O cross section (reaction 39) using the principle of detailed balance, see (1967BL23).

Recent papers reviewing the evidence on this reaction are (1963HA1E, 1966FU1C, 1966HA1M, 1966ME1H, 1967FU1G, 1967SH1E, 1968SC1B).

50. (a) ¹⁶O(γ, d)¹⁴N Q_m = -20.736
(b) ¹⁶O(γ, pn)¹⁴N Q_m = -22.961
(c) ¹⁶O(γ, dn)¹³N Q_m = -31.289
(d) ¹⁶O(γ, dp)¹³C Q_m = -28.286

For reactions (a) see (1966FU1C) and (1962MA1F, 1963BA1K, 1965OS1A; theor.). For reaction (b) see (1962MI07, 1965GA1E) and (1963KO1B; theor.). For reactions (c) and (d), see (1962KO19).

51. ¹⁶O(γ, α)¹²C Q_m = -7.161

The cross section for production of ¹²C exhibits a maximum near 17.5 MeV (Γ ≈ 5 MeV), σ(max) ≈ 50 μb (1953MI31). See also reaction 5 (1970VO13), (1959AJ76), (1957JO20, 1962GO1E, 1964GR08, 1964TO1B, 1965RO05, 1965RO1J, 1967CA1C) and (1968ER1B, 1969MA1N; theor.).

52. ¹⁶O(γ, 4α) Q_m = -14.436

See (1959AJ76) and (1958MA1A, 1962GO1E,, 1964GR08, 1964TO1B, 1965RO1J).

53. (a) ¹⁶O(γ, t)¹³N Q_m = -25.032
(b) ¹⁶O(γ, breakup)

For reaction (a) see (1962BI09, 1965BU1F, 1966GO1F, 1967KR05). For reaction (b), resulting in multi-particle breakup, see (1958MA1A, 1962BI09, 1962GO1E, 1962MO16, 1963CO1D, 1965SA1F, 1966AR01, 1967FE05, 1967KR05).

54. ¹⁶O(γ, γ')¹⁶O*

The differential scattering cross section has been measured for E_γ = 18.5 to 33 MeV: the main giant resonance peaks are located at ≈ 22 and ≈ 25 MeV (1967LO1B). (1970AH02) report resonances at E_γ = 22.5 ± 0.3, 25.2 ± 0.3, 31.8 ± 0.6 and 50 ± 3 MeV: the dipole sum up to 80 MeV exceeds the classical value 60 NZ/A MeV · mb by a factor 1.4. See also (1959PE32, 1960RE05, 1962SE02). For lifetime measurements of ¹⁶O*(6.9, 7.1), see Table 16.19 (in PDF or PS) (1957SW17, 1958DU06); for widths, see Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS) (1970SW03). The separation between the (7.12) and (6.92) γ-lines is 199.8 ± 0.5 keV (1970SW03). Based on 7118.67 ± 0.35 keV (Table 16.9 (in PDF or PS)), E_x for the lower state is 6918.9 ± 0.6 keV. See also (1962BA58, 1968SI1A; theor.).

55. (a) ¹⁶O(e, e')¹⁶O*
(b) ¹⁶O(e, ep)¹⁵N Q_m = -12.126

The ¹⁶O charge radius, r_rms = 2.65 ± 0.04 fm (1966CR07), 2.674 ± 0.022 (using a distorted wave approximation), 2.712 ± 0.022 fm (using a Born approximation) (1970SI02), 2.666 ± 0.033 fm (1969BE21). See also (1959EH1A, 1959ME24).

Form factors for transitions to the ground state and to excited states of ¹⁶O have been reported by (1961LA09, 1963GO04, 1964BI08, 1967BI12, 1969SI10, 1969TO01, 1970BE03) as well as in some of the papers which follow.

Table 16.26 (in PDF or PS) lists the excited states observed from spectra of inelastically scattered electrons (1961IS06, 1962BI19, 1963IS02, 1965DE1C, 1965VA09, 1966VA02, 1967AR1A, 1967DR05, 1968DR01, 1968ST04, 1968ST31, 1969ST06, 1970GO03, 1970KI02, 1970ST06).

Discussions of this reaction are presented in (1959ME24, 1962BA1D, 1966GO1C, 1966KA1C, 1967IS1A). See also (1960IS04, 1964BA1R, 1964BI1D, 1968GO1J, 1969MC1D) and (1960DE1A, 1960IN1A, 1963BI05, 1963WI09, 1964GI1A, 1965DE1K, 1965IN1A, 1965LE1D, 1965SE1D, 1966BO1N, 1966GR1K, 1966LE1J, 1966RA1F, 1966SI1E, 1967CZ1B, 1967CZ1C, 1967EL1B, 1967HI1B, 1967RH1B, 1967WA1E, 1967WA1F, 1968FR1E, 1968HO1B, 1968KA1H, 1968MA1N, 1969CI1A, 1969DE14, 1969DO1D, 1969FU1F, 1969GE08, 1969KA05, 1969KU1C, 1969TU01, 1969UB01, 1969VI02, 1970BO2A, 1970CI1B, 1970DE1R, 1970FR1E, 1970GE12, 1970GO1U, 1970JA08, 1970KA20, 1970LI18, 1970LO1G, 1970MC1D, 1970MC1L, 1970ON1B, 1970SA1B). See also (1959AJ76).

Reaction (b) studied at E_e = 30 MeV shows resonances (assuming ground state transitions) at E_x = 17.27, 18.07, 18.99, 19.57, 20.65, 22.30, 23.10 and 24.35 MeV. The states corresponding to the three highest resonances have Γ = 620, 170 and 790 keV, respectively (1962DO1A). See also (1967AM1E) and (1966RA1C, 1967DE1P, 1968MA1M).

56. ¹⁶O(n, n')¹⁶O*

Angular distributions have been measured at several energies: see Table 16.27 (in PDF or PS) (1962MA05, 1963BA46, 1966LI03, 1966MC01, 1967BE75, 1969ME15). Gamma rays have been observed corresponding to the ground state decay of ¹⁶O states at E_x = 6129.1 ± 1.2 keV [E_γ = 6127.8 ± 1.2 keV] (1966BE1A), 6906 ± 15, 7112 ± 10 and 8865 ± 3 keV (1969NY1A). See also (1970DI1C). Measured lifetimes are shown in Table 16.19 (in PDF or PS) (1969NY1A). See also (1961AS1B, 1963HO08, 1963MO04, 1963OP1A, 1964EN1B, 1964MO1D, 1964PE20, 1966KO1D, 1966MO1C, 1970DR11, 1970MA1J), (1960PE1A, 1962PA1A, 1963KO1C, 1967HO1H, 1967LA1K, 1967LE1G, 1968CA1A, 1969OW1B, 1969SC1L; theor.), ¹⁷O and (1959AJ76).

57. (a) ¹⁶O(p, p')¹⁶O*
(b) ¹⁶O(p, 2p)¹⁵N Q_m = -12.126
(c) ¹⁶O(p, pd)¹⁴N Q_m = -20.736
(d) ¹⁶O(p, pα)¹²C Q_m = -7.161

Angular distributions of elastic and inelastic proton groups have been measured at many energies: see Table 16.27 (in PDF or PS) (1959HU17, 1960KO09, 1961TA06, 1964DA02, 1964DA07, 1964KI06, 1964RI07, 1965HA17, 1967FA06, 1967FR10, 1967IG1B, 1967PA1L, 1967PA25, 1968AN13, 1968AN27, 1968AU1C, 1968CA30, 1969BA23, 1969SN03, 1969SU03, 1970AU1C, 1970HO07). Observed proton groups are displayed in Table 16.28 (in PDF or PS) (1955HO68, 1969SU03). See also (1965HA17).

For polarization measurements see reaction 7 in ¹⁷F and see also (1960KA1E, 1961SA1B, 1963DU1B, 1963HO1D, 1965BA1M, 1965HA28; theor.).

For reaction (b), see the reviews by (1965RI1A, 1967RI1C) and ¹⁵N. See also (1966TY01, 1968PE1A) and (1965BE1E, 1966JA1A, 1967JA1E, 1968HE1J, 1969KO1J; theor.).

For reaction (c) see (1967SU1C, 1968FR1J) and (1963SH1A, 1964BA1P, 1968KO1P, 1968RO1F; theor.). For reaction (d) see (1961KO02, 1962FO03, 1962RO25, 1962VA1A, 1965ZH1A, 1967CH04, 1970GO12). For spallation studies, see reaction 7 in ¹⁷F.

58. ¹⁶O(d, d')¹⁶O*

Angular distribution studies have been carried out for E_d = 2.0 to 52 MeV: see Table 16.27 (in PDF or PS) (1960TA08, 1962MA25, 1963CA17, 1963CA1E, 1963CA1F, 1963GA1D, 1963NE1C, 1964NE1D, 1964TE1C, 1966CO24, 1966DU08, 1966GA09, 1966NG01, 1967AL06, 1967FI07, 1967NE09, 1968DI06, 1968GA13, 1968HI14, 1970DA14). See also (1961LO01, 1963DO1B, 1965DI1C) and (1968ME1E, 1969HA1V, 1969IC02; theor.). For polarization studies, see (1969CO12, 1970CO1P) and ¹⁸F in (1972AJ02).

59. ¹⁶O(t, t)¹⁶O

Angular distributions are reported for E_t = 6.4 to 12 MeV: see Table 16.27 (in PDF or PS) (1964PU01, 1965GL04, 1966GL1B). See also (1968HO1C).

60. ¹⁶O(³He, ³He)¹⁶O

Angular distributions have been measured for E(³He) = 1.9 to 29 MeV: see Table 16.27 (in PDF or PS) (1961SI09, 1962SE13, 1963AG1A, 1965AL05, 1965AR1E, 1965JI1A, 1965YO1B, 1967HA1F, 1969BR07, 1969NU02, 1969ZU02, 1970MC1F). See also (1966AG1B), (1968HO1C, 1969HO27, 1969RA1B; theor.) and ¹⁹Ne in (1972AJ02).

61. (a) ¹⁶O(α, α')¹⁶O*
(b) ¹⁶O(α, 2α)¹²C Q_m = -7.161

Inelastic α-groups observed by (1964HA16, 1966HA19) are tabulated in Table 16.29 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been measured for E_α = 5 to 104 MeV: see Table 16.27 (in PDF or PS) (1959CO70, 1959YA01, 1960AG01, 1962JO14, 1963CR04, 1964BO1E, 1964BU1C, 1964HA16, 1964KO02, 1965BL03, 1965BU05, 1965KO07, 1965KO1A, 1965PR1E, 1965VA11, 1966HA19, 1967BR39, 1968CE1B, 1968GA1C, 1968HA1D, 1968RE1F, 1968TA1Q, 1969AG06, 1969FE10, 1969HA14, 1969JO18, 1970CO13, 1970FE07). See also (1968FA1A). Angular correlation measurements involving ¹⁶O*(6.13) [J^π = 3^-] are reported by (1965BL03).

Reaction (b) proceeds via excited states of ¹⁶O: see (1962VA25, 1964DO1C, 1968PA12) and (1970PI1D). See also (1968BA1H; theor.).

62. (a) ¹⁶O(⁶Li, ⁶Li)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(⁷Li, ⁷Li)¹⁶O

The elastic scattering has been studied for E(⁶Li) and E(⁷Li) = 20 MeV by (1969BE90).

63. (a) ¹⁶O(⁹Be, ⁹Be)¹⁶O
(b) ¹⁶O(¹⁰B, ¹⁰B)¹⁶O
(c) ¹⁶O(¹¹B, ¹¹B)¹⁶O

For reaction (a), see (1969KR03). For reaction (b), see (1968OK06, 1969KR03). For reaction (c), see (1968OK06, 1969VO10, 1970SC1G).

64. ¹⁶O(¹²C, ¹²C)¹⁶O

The elastic scattering has been observed at E(¹⁶O) = 20 to 42 MeV (1969VO10), 26.0 to 32.5 MeV (1969KR03), 35 MeV (1967GO1A), 110.9 MeV (1962WI09) and 168 MeV (1964HI09). The excitation of ¹⁶O*(6.13, 6.92, 7.12) is also reported: see (1962WI09, 1963GO27, 1964HI09, 1964NE01). See also (1969BR1D), (1965GR09, 1968MA1J) and (1964KU1D, 1964MC1C, 1966BA2K, 1969KA1G, 1969RO1G; theor.).

65. ¹⁶O(¹⁴N, ¹⁴N)¹⁶O

See (1969JA15, 1970MA1A).

66. ¹⁶O(¹⁶O, ¹⁶O)¹⁶O

The angular distributions of elastically scattered ¹⁶O ions have been measured at E(¹⁶O) = 14 to 30 MeV (1961BR15), 25 to 63 MeV (1969MA40), and at 140.4 MeV (1962WI09). At the highest energy the angular distribution corresponding to the excitation of ¹⁶O to the first four excited states (unresolved) has also been measured (1962WI09). See also (1962RO15). Excitation curves are reported by (1961BR15, 1965CA02, 1967SI18, 1968PA1V, 1969MA40, 1970SP1E). Very striking structure is observed in the elastic scattering for E(¹⁶O) = 34 to 72 MeV: see (1969MA40).

See also (1968BR1D, 1969BR1D, 1969BR1G, 1969GO1L, 1969VO1E, 1970BR1G), and (1967BL1K, 1968BR1K, 1968EL1D, 1968MU1D, 1968SC1F, 1969CH11, 1969RI1B, 1969SC1M, 1970BL1E, 1970CH1V, 1970EC1A, 1970GR1J, 1970PR12, 1970SC1K). For astrophysical considerations, see (1969TR1E).

67. ¹⁷O(p, d)¹⁶O Q_m = -1.918

At E_p = 31 MeV, angular distributions are reported for the deuterons corresponding to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.05 + 6.13, 7.12, 8.87, 10.34, 12.97, 13.26). States at E_x = 15.22 and 15.42 MeV were also observed. Spectroscopic factors were obtained from a DWBA analysis (1970ME01). The strength of the group to ¹⁶O*(10.34) is ≈ 20 times less than predicted by the shell-model wave functions of (1968ZU02) and (1970ME01).

68. ¹⁷O(d, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.115

Not reported.

69. ¹⁷O(³He, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 16.435

Angular distributions of ground state α-particles have been measured for E(³He) = 2.7 to 6.5 MeV (1965WA1D).

70. ¹⁸O(p, t)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.707

Angular distributions of tritons have been measured at E_p = 17.6 MeV (1961LE1A, 1963LE03; t₀), 18.2 MeV (1967LU05; t₀, t₁₊₂, t₃, t₄, t₅) and at 43.7 MeV (1964CE05, 1966CE05). At the higher energy, angular distributions are reported for the tritons corresponding to ¹⁶O states at E_x = 0, 9.85, 22.9 and 24.7 MeV, with L = 0, 2, 0 and 2, respectively. The E_x = 22.9 and 24.7 MeV states are presumably the 0⁺; T = 2 and 2⁺; T = 2 analogs of ¹⁶O*(0, 1.75), respectively (1964CE05). See also (1965RE1A, 1968BL1G), (1969GA1P) and (1967DO1B, 1969JA1P; theor.).

71. ¹⁸O(α, ⁶He)¹⁶O Q_m = -11.219

At E_α = 42 MeV, angular distributions of the ⁶He particles corresponding to the ground state of ¹⁶O and to the (unresolved) states at 6.1 and at 7.0 MeV have been measured (1970AR1H).

72. ¹⁸O(⁷Li, ⁹Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -6.104

See (1969TO1D).

73. ¹⁸O(¹²C, ¹⁴C)¹⁶O Q_m = 0.934

See (1968GO1Q).

74. ¹⁹F(p, α)¹⁶O Q_m = 8.115
Q₀ = 8.122 ± 0.009 (1967SP09).

Angular distributions of various α-particle groups have been obtained at many energies: see Table 16.30 (in PDF or PS). Observed excited states are displayed in Table 16.31 (in PDF or PS) (1956SQ1A, 1957YO04, 1965BE1J, 1967CH19, 1967DO1C). In addition to the very accurate γ-ray energies listed in Table 16.31 (in PDF or PS), (1970GA09) report E_γ = 2741.5 ± 0.5 keV for the (8.87 → 6.13) transition. The E0 transition (6.05 → 0; 0⁺ → 0⁺) has been investigated in some detail: E = 6051 ± 5 keV (1962NE02), 6052 ± 4 keV (1963LE06). The internal conversion to pair production ratio is (4.00 ± 0.46) × 10^-5 (1963LE06). See also (1962NE02, 1963GO18). The ratio of double γ-emission to pair production, Γ_E1E1/Γ_E0(π) ≤ 1.1 × 10^-4 (1964AL18). Gamma-ray branching ratios and widths for γ-emission have been obtained for many transitions: see Table 16.12 (in PDF or PS) (1960PI04, 1962GO07, 1962GO15, 1963GO31, 1965FU05, 1966LO06, 1967GI07, 1967LO08, 1967PI01, 1968EV03, 1968WI15). For lifetime measurements see Table 16.19 (in PDF or PS) (1954DE36, 1958KO63, 1965AL14, 1967PI01, 1970CO09, 1970GA09).

See also (1959FA1A, 1966MA60), (1959TR1A, 1960GO20, 1960NE15, 1960RI05, 1961BE1E, 1961GO10, 1961GO30, 1961KN02, 1962CO17, 1962FO03, 1962GO08, 1962GO10, 1963BE1J, 1963GO34, 1963ME17 (and Thesis, Univ. of Strasbourg), 1963SC33 (and Thesis, Univ. of Strasbourg), 1963SU12 (and Thesis, Univ. of Strasbourg), 1965BU1E, 1966EV1B, 1966SW01, 1970WI13), and (1961KR1A, 1962TE1B, 1963ED1A, 1965NE1D, 1965OK1A, 1965WA08, 1968HI08, 1969SM1C; theor.). See (1969BA71) for astrophysical considerations. See also (1959AJ76) and ²⁰Ne in (1972AJ02).

75. ¹⁹F(d, nα)¹⁶O Q_m = 5.890

See (1965PE01).

76. ¹⁹F(³He, ⁶Li)¹⁶O Q_m = 4.094

Angular distributions of the ⁶Li ions corresponding to the transition to the ground state of ¹⁶O have been measured for E(³He) = 5 MeV (1968ME13) and at 40.7 MeV (1969OH1B, 1970DE1T).

77. ¹⁹F(α, ⁷Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -9.232

The angular distribution of the ⁷Li ions corresponding to ¹⁶O(0) has been measured at E_α = 42 MeV (1968MI05).

78. (a) ²⁰Ne(p, pα)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.730
(b) ²⁰Ne(α, 2α)¹⁶O Q_m = -4.730

For reaction (a) see (1967CH04, 1969EP1C). For reaction (b) see (1968YA1C).

79. ²⁰Ne(d, ⁶Li)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.257

At E_d = 50 MeV, strong transitions are reported to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.05 + 6.13, 6.92, 9.85). The 4⁺ state at E_x = 10.34 MeV is very weakly excited (1970DU1E, 1970MC1G).

80. ²⁰Ne(³He, ⁷Be)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.143

At E(³He) = 30 MeV, angular distributions of ⁷Be ions [⁷Be(0) and (1)] associated with the transitions to ¹⁶O*(0, 6.05 + 6.13) (1970DE12) are reported. See also (1970DU1E).

81. ²⁸Si(α, ¹⁶O)¹⁶O Q_m = -9.592

See (1967VA18).