A=9Be (2004TI06)

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⁹Be (2004TI06)

(See Energy Level Diagrams for ⁹Be)

GENERAL: References to articles on general properties of ⁹Be published since the previous review (1988AJ01) are grouped into categories and listed, along with brief descriptions of each item, in the General Tables for ⁹Be located on our website at (nucldata.tunl.duke.edu/nucldata/General_Tables/9be.shtml).

See also 2 in (1988AJ01) [Electromagnetic Transitions in A = 5-10] (in PDF or PS), 9.2 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS) and 9.3 [Electromagnetic transitions in ⁹Be] (in PDF or PS).

μ = -1.1778 ± 0.0009 μ_N: see (1978LEZA);

Q = 52.88 ± 0.38 mb: see (1967BL09, 1991SU05, 2001STZZ).

Interaction cross sections of ⁹Be with Be, C, and Al targets have been measured at E = 790 MeV/A yielding an interaction nuclear radius of ⁹Be is 2.45 ± 0.01 fm (1985TA18) [see also for derived nuclear matter, charge and neutron matter r.m.s. radii]. See (2001OZ04) for references to derivations of radii for ⁹Be.

The decay ⁹Li_Λ → π^- + ⁹Be* → π^- + p + ⁸Li appears to take place via a T = 3/2 state of ⁹Be at E_x = 18.6 ± 0.1 MeV (Γ ≤ 300 keV) that appears to be an analog of the 4.3 MeV level of ⁹Li (1985PN01).

For a discussion of the structure and widths of levels in ⁹Be and ⁹B, see the general discussion of ⁹B.

1. (a) ⁶Li(t, n)⁸Be Q_m = 16.0236 E_b = 17.6890
(b) ⁶Li(t, p)⁸Li Q_m = 0.80079
(c) ⁶Li(t, n)⁴He⁴He Q_m = 16.115451

The 0° differential cross section for reaction (a) increases monotonically between E_t = 0.10 and 2.4 MeV. A resonance has been reported at E_t = 1.875 MeV (⁹Be*(18.94)). The excitation function for ⁸Li (reaction (b)) increases monotonically for E_t = 0.275 to 1.000 MeV. See (1974AJ01) for references. In the range E_t = 2 to 10 MeV the total cross section for reaction (b) shows a broad structure [Γ_cm = 1.5 MeV] at E_t = 4.2 MeV (⁹Be*(20.5)) (1986AB04). Yields and angular distributions for reaction (c) have been measured at E_t = 2 to 4.5 MeV (1984LIZY). See also (1984AJ01) for other channels and (1984KR1B).

2. ⁶Li(³He, π⁺)⁹Be Q_m = -121.8998

The energy dependence of the cross section for population of ⁹Be_g.s. has been measured at E(³He) = 235 to 283 MeV (1984WI06).

3. ⁶Li(α, p)⁹Be Q_m = -2.1249

Angular distributions of p₀ have been measured at E_α = 10.2 to 14.7 MeV and at 30 MeV: see (1974AJ01). Differential cross sections were measured at E_α = 26.7 MeV (1990LI37) in a study of exchange processes. See also (1987BI1C) and (1983BE51).

4. ⁷Li(d, γ)⁹Be Q_m = 16.6959

For E_d = 0.1 to 1.1 MeV, a resonance in the yield of capture γ-rays is observed at E_d = 360.8 ± 0.3 keV (1987ZI01), 360.7 ± 1.8 keV (1986BE33), corresponding to the excitation of ⁹Be*(16.97), the second T = 3/2 state [J^π = 1/2^-]: see 9.5 (in PDF or PS). Another measurement of the total width of this state determined Γ = 389 ± 10 eV; see (1992KI05). The reduced width for the isospin "forbidden" deuteron breakup is 3.9 × 10^-4 relative to the Wigner limit (1992KI05). See also (1984AJ01). The differential cross section and vector analyzing power were measured by (1993SC19) at E_d = 6 MeV.

5. (a) ⁷Li(d, n)⁸Be Q_m = 15.0306 E_b = 16.6959
(b) ⁷Li(d, α)⁵He Q_m = 14.229
(c) ⁷Li(d, n)⁴He⁴He Q_m = 15.12239

The yield of neutrons has been measured for E_d = 0.2 to 23 MeV [see (1979AJ01)] and at E_d = 0.19 to 0.55 MeV (1987DA25). See also (1983SZZY). Polarization measurements have been carried out at E_d = 0.64 MeV and 2.5 to 3.7 MeV [see (1974AJ01)] and at 0.40 and 0.46 MeV (1984GA07; n₀). Resonances are reported at 0.36, 0.68 and 0.98 MeV: see 9.3 (in PDF or PS) in (1974AJ01). See also (1985CA41; astrophys.) and the measurements at E_d = 195 - 550 keV of (1987DA25). Neutron yields for 40 MeV deuterons on ⁷Li thick targets were measured by (1987SC11). See also the measurements at E_cm = 0.7 - 2.3 MeV (1996BO27) and the fusion calculations of (2000HA50).

The yields of α-particles have been measured for E_d = 0.25 to 3.0 MeV: see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01). Resonances are reported at E_d = 0.75, 1.00 and 2.5 MeV; the latter is broad: see 9.3 (in PDF or PS) in (1979AJ01). See also (1983SZZY), (1986DIZT, 1987LE1F; applied) and (1984KR1B). In recent work, measurements of astrophysical S factors at E_cm = 57 - 141 keV have been reported by (1997YA08). See also the calculations described in (2000HA50).

6. ⁷Li(d, p)⁸Li Q_m = -0.19228 E_b = 16.69594

Excitation functions and cross sections have been measured for E_d = 0.29 to 7 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and 0.60 to 0.95 MeV (1983FI13). See also (1983SZZY, 1986AB04). Deuteron energies (in MeV) and widths [Γ_lab in brackets in keV] of resonances reported are: E_d = 0.360 ± 0.003 [< 0.5], 0.776 ± 0.007 [250], 1.027 ± 0.007 [60], 2.0 [broad], 2.375 ± 0.050, 3.220 ± 0.050 [400 ± 100] and ≈ 4.8 MeV corresponding to ⁹Be*(16.975) [see also 9.5 (in PDF or PS)], 17.298, 17.493, (18.5), 18.54, 19.20, 20.4): for references see 9.3 (in PDF or PS) in 1979AJ01, and 9.3 (in PDF or PS) in 1984AJ01. The total cross section at the E_d = 0.78 MeV resonance is important because it serves as a normalization for the ⁷Be(p, γ)⁸B reaction: the "best" value suggested by (1983FI13) is 157 ± 10 mb. See also (1986BA38) and (1974AJ01, 1984AJ01) for the earlier values. At E(⁷Li) = 12.2 ± 1.3 MeV [corresponding to E_d = 3.5 MeV] the cross section is reported to be 155 ± 20 mb (1985HA40).

At the peak of the E_d = 0.78 MeV resonance, σ = 143.6 ± 8.9 mb from the proton yield and σ = 151 ± 20 mb from the β-delayed α activity of the residual ⁸Li nucleus (1996ST18). In (1998WE05), a value σ = 155 ± 8 mb was obtained, backscattering effects were examined, and the consequences for the ⁷Be(p, γ) cross sections were discussed. The ⁷Li(d, p) yield for E_d = 0.4 - 1.8 MeV was measured by (1998ST20) to deduce corrections due to recoil loss. See also the compilation and analysis of astrophysical S-factor data and calculations in (1998AD12).

7. ⁷Li(d, d)⁷Li E_b = 16.69594

The elastic scattering [E_d = 0.4 to 1.8 MeV] shows a marked increase in cross section for E_d = 0.8 to 1.0 MeV (perhaps related to ⁹Be*(17.30)) and a conspicuous anomaly at E_d = 1.0 MeV, due to p-wave deuterons [⁹Be*(17.50)]. The elastic scattering has also been studied for E_d = 1.0 to 2.6 MeV and 10.0 to 12.0 MeV: see (1979AJ01), and at E_d = 9.05 MeV (1980YE02).

8. ⁷Li(d, t)⁶Li Q_m = -0.99306 E_b = 16.69594

The cross section rises steeply from threshold to 95 mb at E_d = 2.4 MeV and then more slowly to ≈ 165 mb at E_d = 4.1 MeV. The t₀ yield curve (θ_lab = 155°) decreases monotonically for E_d = 10.0 to 12.0 MeV: see (1974AJ01). Differential cross sections measured at E_d = 30.7 MeV were reported in (1987BO39). An analysis of data from this reaction at E_d = 8 - 50 MeV is discussed in (1995GU22).

9. ⁷Li(³He, p)⁹Be Q_m = 11.2025

Observed proton groups are displayed in 9.6 (in PDF or PS). The parameters for the particle and γ-decay of observed states are displayed in 9.4 (in PDF or PS) and 9.7 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been reported in the range E(³He) = 0.9 to 14 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01)] and at E(pol. ³He) = 14 and 33 MeV (1983LE17, 1983RO22; p₀). See also ¹⁰B, (1984ME11) and (1986SC35; applications).

In more recent work cross sections σ(E_p, θ) were measured at E_cm = 0.5 - 2 MeV, and the astrophysical S-factor was deduced (1990RA16). Polarization observables were measured at E(³He) = 4.6 MeV and analyzed by DWBA (1995BA24). See (1993YA01) for S-factor calculations and discussions of astrophysical implications. See also the earlier theoretical work of (1988KH11) on time-reversal violating amplitude features.

10. ⁷Li(α, d)⁹Be Q_m = -7.1506

Angular distributions of d₀, d₁ and d₂ have been reported at E_α = 30 MeV: see (1974AJ01). See also (1983BE51).

11. ⁷Li(⁶Li, α)⁹Be Q_m = 15.2221

Angular distributions of the α-groups to ⁹Be*(0, 2.43, 6.76) have been measured at E(⁷Li) = 78 MeV (1989GL03). For the excitation of ⁴He* see (1987GLZX, 1987GLZY; E(⁶Li) = 93 MeV). For the earlier work see (1974AJ01).

12. ⁹Li(β^-)⁹Be Q_m = 13.6067

⁹Li decays by β^- emission with τ_1/2 = 178.3 ± 0.4 msec and P_n = 50.8 ± 0.9% to several ⁹Be states: see reaction 1 in ⁹Li and 9.8 (in PDF or PS). A series of studies at ISOLDE (1981LA11, 1990NY01, 2003PR11) have measured β - α coincidences and established the existence of transitions with large B(GT) values to ⁹Be*(11.28) and/or ⁹Be*(11.81). The information in 9.8 (in PDF or PS) is based largely on the results of (1990NY01) and an analysis by (1993CH06). The most recent study (2003PR11) finds that the low-energy decays are mostly to ⁹Be*(11.81) with a B(GT) value of 8.5 ± 1.5, that a spin assignment of 5/2^- is favored, and note that the B(GT) value is a factor of 4.4 ± 1.0 larger than that of the mirror transition in ⁹C (see reaction 10 in ⁹B). Such a large asymmetry for a strong transition and the magnitude of the B(GT) value for ⁹Li decay are difficult to understand theoretically. The latter difficulty is highlighted by the fact that, in the limit of good supermultiplet symmetry only 1/3 of the GT sum-rule strength 9(g_A/g_V)²_eff [see footnote ^c in 9.8 (in PDF or PS)] goes to 5/2^- states.

13. (a) ⁹Be(γ, n)⁸Be Q_m = -1.6654
(b) ⁹Be(γ, α)⁵He Q_m = -2.467
(c) ⁹Be(γ, n)⁴He⁴He Q_m = -1.5736

As noted in the previous review (1988AJ01), "the photoneutron cross section has been measured from threshold to 320 MeV: see 9.6 (in PDF or PS) in (1966LA04), (1979AJ01) and (1988DI02). A pronounced peak occurs ≈ 29 keV above threshold with σ_max = 1.33 ± 0.24 mb. The shape of the resonance has been measured very accurately for E_γ = 1675 to 2168 keV. The FWHM of the peak is estimated to be 100 keV (1982FU11). See also (1983BA52) and (1987KU05). The cross section then decreases slowly to 1.2 mb at 40 keV above threshold. From bremsstrahlung studies, peaks in the (γ, n) cross section are observed corresponding to E_x = 1.80 and 3.03 MeV".

Subsequently (1992GO27) measured the photoneutron yield and mean energies of photoneutron spectra from bremsstrahlung photons. The reaction cross section for energies from threshold to 20 MeV was extracted. Resonances were observed corresponding to E_x = 1.68 MeV (1/2⁺), 2.43 MeV (5/2^-), and 3.05 MeV (5/2⁺) in ⁹Be. See Table 1 in (1992GO27) for resonance parameters. In other work (2001UT01, 2002SU19), laser-induced Compton backscattering photons with E_γ = 1.78 - 6.11 MeV were used to measure the photoneutron cross section resonance parameters for the ⁹Be 1/2⁺, 5/2^- and 5/2⁺ states; see 9.9 (in PDF or PS). The radiative widths in 9.9 (in PDF or PS) are not in good agreement with those from low-energy electron scattering listed in 9.3 (in PDF or PS). Also, the width given for the 5/2⁺ state is roughly twice the accepted width of 282 ± 11 keV in 9.2 (in PDF or PS); using the accepted width while maintaining a fit to the peak (γ, n) cross section would reduce Γ_γ by almost a factor of two and into the range of the values from (e, e') listed in 9.3 (in PDF or PS). Shell-model calculations give a stable B(M1)(↓) ≈ 1 W.u. (Γ_γ ≈ 0.45 eV) for the broad 1/2^- state at 2.78 MeV implying significant (γ, n) cross section underlying the energy region of interest. A one-level R-matrix analysis of the E_γ = 1.6 - 2.2 MeV cross section is described in (2000BA21). The energy at which the cross section due to the 1/2⁺ state peaks and the FWHM of the peak vary somewhat for different fits to a number of data sets but are relatively stable. However, the extracted B(E1)(↓) values vary considerably and generally correspond to larger Γ_γ's than those listed in 9.3 (in PDF or PS) and 9.9 (in PDF or PS). For theoretical calculations of the low-energy (γ, n) cross section see (1998EF05, 1999EF01, 2002IT07). See also the calculation of ⁹Be Coulomb dissociation (1994KA25) and polarized neutron production by magnetic Bremsstrahlung gamma rays (1997ER03).

(1988AJ01) notes that "at higher energies, using monoenergetic photons, the (γ, n) cross section is found to be relatively smooth from E_γ = 17 to 37 MeV with weak structures which correspond to E_x = 17.1, 18.8, 19.9, 21.4, 22.4, 23.8 [± 0.2] MeV and 27 ± 0.5 MeV (broad). In the range E_γ = 18 to 26 MeV the integrated (γ, n₀) cross section is < 0.1 MeV · mb, that for (γ, n₁) = 2.4 ± 0.4 MeV · mb and the combined integrated cross section for (γ, n) to ⁸Be*(16.6) and (γ, α₀) to ⁵He_g.s. is 13.1 ± 2 MeV · mb".

"The total absorption cross section has been measured for E_γ = 10 to 210 MeV: it rises to ≈ 5 mb at ≈ 21 MeV, decreases to about 0 at 160 MeV and then increases to ≈ 1.5 mb at 210 MeV. An integrated cross section of 156 ± 15 MeV · mb is reported for E_γ = 10 to 29 MeV as is resonant structure at E_γ = 11.8, (13.5), 14.8, (17.3), (19.5), 21.0, (23.0), and (25.0) MeV. Fine structure is also reported at E_γ = 20.47 ± 0.04 and 20.73 ± 0.04 MeV. See (1979AJ01) for references. At E_γ = 1.58 MeV, the cross section for reaction (c) is 0.40 ± 0.18 μb (1983FU13). For the electroproduction and photoproduction of helium nuclei for E_e = 100 to 225 MeV see (1986LI22). For hadron production at high energies see (1983AR24)". See also the earlier work cited in (1988AJ01).

14. (a) ⁹Be(γ, p)⁸Li Q_m = -16.8882
(b) ⁹Be(γ, n + p)⁷Li Q_m = -18.9205
(c) ⁹Be(γ, d)⁷Li Q_m = -16.6959
(d) ⁹Be(γ, t)⁶Li Q_m = -17.6890

The yield shows structure in the energy region corresponding to the ⁹Be levels at 17 - 19 MeV followed by the giant resonance at E_γ ≈ 23 MeV (σ = 2.64 ± 0.30 mb). Structure attributed to eleven states of ⁹Be with 18.2 < E_x < 32.2 MeV has also been reported. Integrated cross sections have been obtained for each of these resonances, and over different energy intervals for protons leading to ⁸Li*(0 + 0.98, 2.26 + 3.21, 9.0, 17.0). Angular and energy distributions of photoprotons in various energy intervals have been studied by many groups: see (1974AJ01) for early references. For momentum spectra of protons using tagged photons with E_γ = 360 - 600 MeV, see (1984BA09). See also (1984AJ01) and (1984HO24), and see the analysis for E_γ = 200 - 420 MeV by (1988TE04).

The integrated cross sections are reported to be 1.0 ± 0.5 MeV · mb (E_γ = 21 - 33 MeV) for reaction (c) to ⁷Li*(0 + 0.4), and 0.6 ± 0.3 MeV · mb (E_γ = 25 - 33 MeV) for reaction (d) to ⁶Li_g.s.. The total integrated cross section for [(γ, p) + (γ, pn) + (γ, d) + (γ, t)] is 33 ± 3 MeV · mb. Calculations for reaction (b) at E_γ = 247 MeV are presented in (1993BO35). Resonances in the (γ, d) and (γ, t) cross sections corresponding to ⁹Be*(26.0 ± 0.2) and ⁹Be*(32.2 ± 0.3), respectively, have been reported: see (1974AJ01). A recent measurement and cluster-model analyses for reactions (a), (c), (d) for E_γ = 21 - 39 MeV are described in (1999SH05). For momentum spectra of deuterons and tritons at E_γ = 360 - 600 MeV see (1986BA07). Cross sections have been measured in the region of the Δ(1232) resonance by (1984HO09) [(γ, pn), (γ, 2p)], (1987KA13) [(γ, p), (γ, pn), (γ, 2p)] and (1986AR06) [(γ, π⁰)]. For a high energy study of hadron production see (1983AR24). See also (1986MC1G), (1985HO27, 1985MA1G) and the calculations of (1983TR04, 1986HO11, 1987LU1B, 1988DU04).

15. ⁹Be(γ, γ)⁹Be

The ground state radiative widths of the E_x = 14.393 and 16.975 MeV T = 3/2 levels of ⁹Be have been measured in a resonant absorption experiment (1992KI05) that updates the results of (1986ZI01, 1987ZI01). The results are Γ_γ₀ = 5.9 ± 0.8 eV and Γ_γ₀ = 16.9 ± 1.0 eV for E_x = 14.393 and 16.975 MeV, respectively. See 9.4 (in PDF or PS) and 9.5 (in PDF or PS). With E_brem = 31 MeV eight resonances in (γ, γ') were reported for 17.4 < E_x < 29.4 MeV (1984AL22).

16. (a) ⁹Be(e, e)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(e, en)⁸Be Q_m = -1.6654
(c) ⁹Be(e, ep)⁸Li Q_m = -16.8882
(d) ⁹Be(e, eα)⁵Li Q_m = -2.757

< r² >^1/2 = 2.519 ± 0.012 fm (1973BE19, 1979AJ01);

Q = 5.86 ± 0.06 fm² (1991GL02);

b = 1.5_-0.2^+0.3 fm (1973BE19, 1979AJ01) [b = oscillator parameter];

< r² >^1/2_M = 3.2 ± 0.3 fm; Ω = 6 ± 2 μ_N · fm² [this value of the magnetic octupole moment implies a deformation of the average nuclear potential] (1975LA23, 1979AJ01).

The previous review (1988AJ01) observed that: "The elastic scattering of electrons has been studied for E_e up to 700 MeV. Magnetic elastic scattering gives indications of both M1 and M3 contributions. Inelastic scattering populates a number of levels: see 9.8 (in PDF or PS) in (1988AJ01). At E_e = 45 and 49 MeV ⁹Be*(1.68) has a strongly asymmetric line shape, as expected from its closeness to the ⁸Be + n threshold. The form factor is dominated by a 0p_3/2 → 1s_1/2 particle-hole transition. ⁹Be*(2.43) is strongly excited (1987KU05). Form factors have also been measured for ⁹Be*(0, 14.39, 16.67, 16.98, 17.49) by (1983LO11; E_e = 100.0 to 270.2 MeV). See also (1985HY1A, 1986MA48, 1987HY01). (1984WO09) suggests that the T = 1/2 states [⁹Be*(16.67, 17.49)] have J^π = 5/2⁺ and 7/2⁺, respectively, and that they have large parentage amplitudes with ⁸Be*(16.6 + 16.9) [J^π = 2⁺], rather than with ⁸Be_g.s.. See (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01).

In a more recent study (1991GL02), electrons at energies between 110 and 360 MeV were used along with detailed line-shape analysis to extract cross sections for states at E_x = 0, 1.68, 2.43, 3.05, 4.70, 6.38, 6.76, 11.28, and 13.79 MeV, and for momentum transfers between 1.0 and 2.5 fm^-1. See 9.10 (in PDF or PS).

A previously unknown state at 6.38 MeV was isolated from the known 6.76 MeV state in both the (e, e') data of (1991GL02) and the (p, p') data (1991DI03) using the dependence of the peak position upon momentum transfer. On the basis of the form factor the 6.38 MeV state replaces the 6.76 MeV state as the 7/2^- member of the ground state rotational band, and the 6.76 MeV state is identified with the lowest 9/2⁺ state predicted by the shell model. Results of these measurements are tabulated and compared with the shell model prediction in Table V in (1991GL02) and in 9.10 (in PDF or PS) here.

An analysis of form factors to deduce vertex constants is described in (1991BE40). Harmonic scattering calculations are presented in (1992DE42).

For early work in the quasifree and Δ-resonance regions see references cited in (1988AJ01).

17. ⁹Be(π^±, π^±)⁹Be

The elastic scattering, and inelastic scattering to ⁹Be*(2.43, 6.76) have been studied at E_π^± = 162 and 291 MeV. Quadrupole contributions appear to be quite important for the elastic scattering at 162 MeV, but are much less so at the higher energy: see (1984AJ01) and see the General Table for ⁹Be located on our website at (nucldata.tunl.duke.edu/nucldata/General_Tables/9be.shtml). Calculations of threshold pion-nucleus amplitude by current algebra are discussed in (1989GE10). See also the diffraction theory calculations of the scattering process by (2000ZH50).

18. (a) ⁹Be(n, n)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(n, 2n)⁸Be Q_m = -1.6654

The population of ⁹Be*(0, 1.7, 2.4, 3.1, (6.8)) has been reported in this reaction: see (1974AJ01). For the neutron decay of these states see 9.7 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been measured at E_n = 3.5 to 14.93 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)], at E_n = 7 to 15 MeV (1983DA22; n₀), 11 to 17 MeV (1985TE01; n₀, n₂), 14.6 MeV (1985HA02, 1986HAYU; n₀) and 14.7 MeV (1984SH01; n₀, n₂) as well as at E_n = 9 to 17 MeV (1984BY03; n₀, n₂; see also for transition to ⁹Be*(6.76)). See also ¹⁰Be, and other early work cited in (1988AJ01).

Spin-dependent scattering lengths were measured at low energies (1987GL06) by a pseudomagnetic precession method, and cross sections were measured at E_n = 1 - 10 MeV (1989SU13) and E_n = 21.6 MeV (1990OL01). Calculations and analysis for ⁹Be(n, n) are reported in (1988FE06, 1991IO01, 1996CH33, 2001BO10).

For reaction (b) the n - n scattering length was measured at E_n = 10.3 MeV (1990BO43). A thick target neutron spectrum was used in a measurement of the reaction cross section by (1994ME08). See also the analysis and model calculations for ⁹Be(n, 2n) at E_n = 5.9 MeV (1988BE04).

19. (a) ⁹Be(p, p)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(p, p')⁹Be*

The previous review (1988AJ01) summarized the information available from the reaction as follows: "Elastic and inelastic angular distributions have been studied at many energies in the range E_p = 2.3 to 1000 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)], at E_p = 2.31 to 2.73 MeV (1983AL10; p₀), 11 to 17 MeV (1988AJ01; p₀) and 1 GeV (1985AL16; p₀) as well as at E_{pol. p} = 200 MeV (1985GLZZ; p₀) and 220 MeV (1985RO15; p₀, p₂). The elastic distributions show pronounced diffraction maxima. A quadrupole-deformed optical-model potential is necessary to obtain a good fit to the p₀ and p₂ angular distributions: see (1974AJ01). The spin-flip probability at E_{pol. p} = 31 MeV is ≈ 0 for the p₂ group, which is expected in view of the collective nature of the transition (1981CO08)."

"The structure corresponding to ⁹Be*(1.7) is asymmetric, as expected: see reaction 16 and 9.8 (in PDF or PS) in (1988AJ01) for its parameters. [At E_p = 13 MeV the spectra are dominated by ⁹Be*(2.43) (1987KU05)]. The weighted mean of the values of E_x for ⁹Be*(2.4) listed in (1974AJ01) is 2432 ± 3 keV. ⁹Be*(3.1) has E_x = 3.03 ± 0.03 MeV, Γ = 250 ± 50 keV, J^π = (3/2⁺, 5/2⁺). Higher states are observed at (E_x and Γ in MeV) E_x = 4.8 ± 0.2, 6.76 ± 0.06 [J^π = (1/2⁺, 5/2⁺, 7/2⁺) (but see below), Γ = 1.2 ± 0.2], 7.94 ± 0.08 (Γ ≈ 1), 11.3 ± 0.2 (Γ ≈ 1), 14.4 ± 0.3 (Γ ≈ 1), 16.7 ± 0.3, 17.4 ± 0.3, 19.0 ± 0.4, 21.1 ± 0.5 and 22.4 ± 0.7 [the five highest states are all broad]. The strong population of ⁹Be*(2.4, 6.8) is consistent with the assumption that they have J^π = 5/2^- and 7/2^-, respectively, and are members of the ground state K = 3/2^- band. See (1966LA04, 1974AJ01) for references."

In an experimental and theoretical study of ⁹Be structure (1991DI03), cross section and analyzing power measurements made with 180 MeV protons provided data for 24 states below E_x = 21 MeV. Detailed line shape analysis was used to isolate several broad states. In particular the strong resonance at 6.76 MeV (1988AJ01) was separated into two levels identified as the 7/2^- member of the ground state rotational band at 6.38 MeV and the 9/2⁺ weak-coupling state at 6.76 MeV. Level energies, suggested assignments and widths are summarized in 9.11 (in PDF or PS). Transition densities were fitted to (p, p') data and compared with results from (e, e') data (1991GL02). Shell model calculations in 0ℏω and 1ℏω model space were performed and used in making suggested assignments (1991DI03).

In other experimental work, measurements have been reported for cross sections and polarization observables at E_p = 135 MeV (1988KE04, 1989KE03), and at E_p = 54.7 and 74.7 MeV (1994DE23). The data from these experiments were analyzed with other data for 30 < E_p < 220 MeV in terms of a variety of optical model and coupled-channel analyses to calculate final-state interaction effects for proton knockout reactions on ¹⁰B (1994DE23). Microscopic coupled-channel calculations for the ground-state rotational band of ⁹Be and 100 < E_p < 500 MeV have been made using the folding model and density-dependent interactions (1992KE05). Elastic scattering cross sections have been reported at E_p ≤ 2.66 MeV (1994WR01), and application-related scattering cross sections at E_p = 2.3 - 2.7 keV (1988LA07) and E_p = 2.4 - 2.7 MeV (1994LE18).

Other theoretical work published since the previous review (1988AJ01) includes geometric model calculations (1990HU09); construction of interaction potentials from phase shifts (1996KU14); Glauber-Sitenko theory calculations for E_p = 0.22, 1 GeV (1996ZH31); microscopic-model analysis for E_p = 200 MeV (1997DO01); Glauber-model calculations for E_p = 0.22, 1.0 GeV (1997ZH39); calculations of polarization features for E_p = 0.22, 1.0 GeV (1998ZH02); and diffraction theory calculations for E_p = 0.16 - 1.04 GeV (2000ZH50).

20. (a) ⁹Be(p, 2p)⁸Li Q_m = -16.8882
(b) ⁹Be(p, pd)⁷Li Q_m = -16.6959
(c) ⁹Be(p, p + n)⁸Be Q_m = -1.6654
(d) ⁹Be(p, p + t)⁶Li Q_m = -17.6890
(e) ⁹Be(p, p + ³He)⁶He Q_m = -21.1787
(f) ⁹Be(p, pα)⁵He Q_m = -2.467

The reactions (p, 2p)X and (p, pd)X have been studied at E_p = 300 MeV (1983GR21, 1984HE03). For reactions (a) and (c) see also ⁸Li, ⁸Be (1985BE30, 1985DO16; 1 GeV) and (1984AJ01). Reaction (c) at E_p = 10 - 24 MeV involves ⁹Be*(3.0, 4.7): see (1984AJ01). See also (1984WA21). For reactions (b) and (d) at E_p = 58 MeV see ⁷Li and ⁶Li in (2002TI10), and (1984DE1F, 1985DE17). For reactions (e) and (f) see (1985PAZL; E_{pol. p} = 70 MeV). The (p, pα) process (reaction (f)) has been studied at E_p = 150.5 MeV (1985WA13), at 200 MeV (1989NA10), and at 296 MeV (1998YO09). Alpha cluster knockout spectroscopic factors were deduced. For inclusive proton spectra yields see (1985SE15). Inclusive differential cross sections for ^4,6,8He and ^6,7,8Li formation by 1 GeV protons on ⁹Be were measured by (1994AM09). Cross section and proton and neutron spectra for reactions (a) and (c) at E_p = 70 MeV were studied by (2000SH01). See also the earlier work cited in (1988AJ01).

21. ⁹Be(d, d)⁹Be

Angular distributions have been measured in the range 1.0 to 410 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and at E_d = 2.0 to 2.8 MeV (1983DE50, 1984AN16). See also ¹¹B in (1990AJ01).

Inelastic groups have been reported to ⁹Be*(1.7, 4.7, 6.8) and to states with E_x = 2431.9 ± 7.0 keV and 3040 ± 15 keV (Γ = 294 ± 20 keV): see (1974AJ01). Measurements at E_d = 6.7 - 7.5 MeV of differential cross sections for inelastic groups to ⁹Be*(2.43) and DWBA analysis were reported by (1989SZ02). An analysis by (1989VA17) of (d, d') data at E_d = 13.6 MeV found evidence for kinematic focusing of the products of 3-particle decay of ⁹Be*(2.43). An optical-model description for E_d = 4 - 11 MeV is discussed in (1993AB10).

22. (a) ⁹Be(t, t)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(t, n + t)⁸Be Q_m = -1.6654

Angular distributions of elastically scattered tritons have been measured at E_t = 2.10 MeV and at E_{pol. t} = 15 and 17 MeV: see (1974AJ01, 1984AJ01). A more recent analysis by a strong absorption model of cross sections measured at E_t = 17 MeV is reported in (1994SO26). Reaction (b) at 4.2 and 4.6 MeV proceeds via ⁹Be*(2.4): see (1974AJ01).

23. (a) ⁹Be(³He, ³He)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(³He, 2α)⁴He Q_m = 19.0041

Angular distributions have been studied for E(³He) = 1.6 to 46.1 MeV and at 217 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)]. At E(³He) = 39.8 MeV, ⁹Be*(1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 4.7, 6.8, 14.4) are populated. Data for E(³He) = 50, 60 MeV were analyzed by (1992AD06), and rainbow effects were observed. Differential cross sections for E(³He) = 60 MeV were measured by (1993MA48, 1996RU13). Measurements and analysis of the α-particle spectra from the decay of ⁹Be*(2.43) populated in the inelastic scattering reaction with E(³He) = 40.5 MeV are reported in (1990BO51). An optical model description of the elastic scattering is discussed in (1987TR01).

Reaction (b) has been studied in a kinematically complete experiment for E(³He) = 3 to 12 MeV (1986LA26) and 11.9 to 24.0 MeV (1987WA25). See also (1990BO51). For the earlier work see (1984AJ01).

24. (a) ⁹Be(α, α)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(α, 2α)⁵He Q_m = -2.467

Angular distributions have been studied at many energies in the range E_α = 5.0 to 104 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and E_α = 23.1 MeV (1984HU1D, 1985HU1B; α₀, α₂). At E_α = 35.5 MeV, states belonging to the K = 3/2^- ground-state band are strongly excited [⁹Be*(0, 2.43, 6.76, 11.28); it is suggested that the latter has J^π = (9/2^-); see, however, reaction 12]. The first three states belonging to the K = 1/2⁺ band are also excited [⁹Be*(1.68, 3.05, 4.70)] (1982PE03; coupled channels analysis). A coupled channel folding model analysis for data at E_α = 65 MeV is described in (1995RO21). See also (2000ZH38).

See also the multicluster model calculation of (1993KU21) and the calculations of levels and rotational bands using (α, α') data reported in (1997VO06). In application-related work backscattering cross sections were measured for E_α = 6.00 - 6.52 MeV (1996QI03), 0 - 5.3 MeV (1994LE18), 0.15 - 3.0 MeV (1994LI51). Related data were compiled and reviewed in (1991LE33, 1996ZH36). For reaction (b) see (1983ZH09; 18 MeV); S_α = 0.96 [see (1984AJ01)] and (1987WA25; E(³He) =12 to 24 MeV). A measurement of energy-sharing distributions at E_α = 197 MeV was reported in (1994CO16). Cluster knockout at E_α = 580 MeV was studied by (1999NA05). See also ⁸Be, (1987BU27, 1987KO1K) and (1984LI28, 1985SR01).

25. ⁹Be(⁶He, ⁶He)⁹Be

The cross section at E(⁶He) = 8.8 - 9.3 MeV was measured by (1991BE49).

26. (a) ⁹Be(⁶Li, ⁶Li)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(⁷Li, ⁷Li)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been measured at E(⁶Li) = 4, 6 and 24 MeV and at E(⁷Li) = 24 and 34 MeV [see (1979AJ01)] as well as at E(⁶Li) = 32 MeV (1985CO09; also to ⁹Be*(2.43)) and 50 MeV (1988TRZY) and E(⁷Li) = 78 MeV (1986GLZV, 1986GLZU; also to ⁹Be*(2.43, 6.76)). More recently, measurements and analysis of complete angular distributions for elastic scattering and inelastic scattering to ⁹Be*(2.43) at E_cm = 7, 10, 12 MeV were reported by (1995MU01). See also the cross section measurements and optical model analysis for E(⁶Li) = 50 MeV (1990TR02) and the analyzing power measurements for elastic and inelastic scattering at E(⁶Li) = 32 MeV (1993RE08). Thresholds of non-Rutherford cross sections for ion-beam analysis were studied by (1991BO48). For the interaction cross section at E(⁶Li) = 790 MeV/A see (1985TA18).

For reaction (b), cross section measurements at E(⁷Li) = 63, 130 MeV and optical-model analyses are reported in (2000TR01). The α - ⁵He decay of ⁹Be excited states populated by E(⁷Li) = 52 MeV was studied by (1998SO05).

27. ⁹Be(⁹Be, ⁹Be)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been obtained at E(⁹Be) = 5 to 26 MeV [see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and at 35 to 50 MeV (1984OM02; also to ⁹Be*(2.43)). See also (1985JA09). For yields and cross sections see (1984OM03, 1986CU02, 1988LA25). See also the application-related measurement at E(⁹Be) = 5.5 MeV (1988DA05). In more recent work, elastic scattering measurements at E(⁹Be) = 40 MeV were reported by (1992CO05). It was determined that the angular distribution data of (1984OM02) must be shifted forward by 5° cm. For the interaction cross section at E(⁹Be) = 790 MeV/A see (1985TA18).

28. (a) ⁹Be(¹⁰B, ¹⁰B)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(¹¹B, ¹¹B)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been reported at E(¹⁰B) = 20.1 and 30.0 MeV (1983SR01). For yields and cross section measurements see (1983SR01, 1984DA17, 1986CU02). See also (1983DU13) and (1984IN03, 1986RO12). Differential cross sections were measured at E(¹⁰B) = 100 MeV (1997MU19, 2000TR01). Optical model parameters and values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC) for ¹⁰B → ⁹Be + p were deduced.

29. (a) ⁹Be(¹²C, ¹²C)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(¹³C, ¹³C)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been measured for reaction (a) at E(¹²C) = 12, 15, 18 and 21 MeV and E(⁹Be) = 14 to 76.6 MeV [see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and 158.3 MeV (1984FU10) as well as at E(¹²C) = 65 MeV (1985GO1H; various ¹²C states). For yield and fusion cross-section measurements see (1983JA09, 1985DE22) and (1984AJ01). Angular distributions and excitations functions for elastic scattering and inelastic scattering to ⁹Be*(2.43) for E_cm = 10.9 MeV are reported in (1995CA26). Reorientation and coupling effects in the ⁹Be + ¹²C system were studied. See also the measurements and analysis for E_cm = 5.14 - 90.46 MeV of (2000RU02).

Elastic angular distributions for reaction (b) are reported for E(⁹Be) = 14 to 26 MeV: see (1984AJ01). Measurements and optical-model analysis for E(¹³C) = 130 MeV are reported in (2000TR01). For yield measurements see (1984DA17, 1986CU02). See also the earlier work cited in (1988AJ01).

30. ⁹Be(¹⁴N, ¹⁴N)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been measured at E(¹⁴N) = 25 and 27.3 MeV: see (1974AJ01). For a fusion study see (1984MA28).

31. (a) ⁹Be(¹⁶O, ¹⁶O)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(¹⁸O, ¹⁸O)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been reported in the range E(¹⁶O) = 15 to 30 MeV [see (1979AJ01)] and (1988WE17), at E(⁹Be) = 14, 20 and 26 MeV [see (1984AJ01)], 43 MeV (1985WI18) and 157.7 MeV (1984FU10), as well as at E(¹⁸O) = 12.1, 16 and 20 MeV [see (1974AJ01)]. See also the other references cited in (1988AJ01).

32. (a) ⁹Be(²⁰Ne, ²⁰Ne)⁹Be
(b) ⁹Be(²⁴Mg, ²⁴Mg)⁹Be
(c) ⁹Be(²⁶Mg, ²⁶Mg)⁹Be
(d) ⁹Be(²⁷Al, ²⁷Al)⁹Be
(e) ⁹Be(²⁸Si, ²⁸Si)⁹Be
(f) ⁹Be(³⁹K, ³⁹K)⁹Be
(g) ⁹Be(⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁰Ca)⁹Be
(h) ⁹Be(⁴⁴Ca, ⁴⁴Ca)⁹Be

Elastic angular distributions have been measured for many of these reactions: see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01). They have been studied on ²⁶Mg and ⁴⁰Ca at E(⁹Be) = 43 and 45 MeV, respectively (1985WI18) and on ²⁶Mg, ²⁷Al and ⁴⁰Ca at E(⁹Be) = 158.1 - 158.3 MeV (1984FU10). For pion production in reaction (a) see (1985FR13). The interaction cross section for 790 MeV/A ⁹Be on ²⁷Al has been measured by (1985TA18). Breakup measurements involving ⁴⁰Ca are reported by (1984GR20). See also the other references cited in (1988AJ01).

33. ¹⁰Be(d, t)⁹Be Q_m = -0.5550

Forward angular distributions have been obtained at E_d = 15.0 MeV for the tritons to ⁹Be*(0, 1.7, 2.4, 3.1). The ground-state transition is well fitted by l = 1. The transition to ⁹Be*(1.7) [≈ 165 ± 25 keV] is consistent with J^π = 1/2⁺, that to ⁹Be*(2.4) is quite well fitted with l = 3 [J^π = 5/2^-], and that to ⁹Be*(3.1) [Γ = 280 ± 25 keV] is consistent with l = 2. No other narrow states are seen up to E_x = 5.5 MeV (1970AU02).

34. ¹⁰B(γ, p)⁹Be Q_m = -6.5859

Angular distributions have been measured for protons leading to a number of excited states of ⁹Be using tagged photons of mean energies E_γ = 57.6 and 72.9 MeV. The spectrum of states excited is very similar to that from the ¹⁰B(e, e'p)⁹Be and proton pickup reactions from ¹⁰B. However, the spectroscopic information is limited in that direct knockout calculations account for only part of the cross sections and meson-exchange current contributions are found to be large (1998DE34).

35. ¹⁰B(e, e'p)⁹Be Q_m = -6.5859

Measurements have been performed in parallel kinematics at incident energies of 407.3 and 498.1 MeV such that E_cm = 70 or 120 MeV for the outgoing proton. The momentum distributions for energy bins centered around the strong peaks in the spectrum are characteristic of p-shell knockout (1998DE23). The measured excitation energies and relative spectroscopic factors are shown in 9.12 (in PDF or PS) (1993DE2A). In absolute terms, 54 ± 2% of the individual-particle shell-model sum rule for 0p strength is accounted for up to E_x = 19 MeV.

36. ¹⁰B(n, d)⁹Be Q_m = -4.3613

See (1974AJ01).

37. ¹⁰B(p, 2p)⁹Be Q_m = -6.5859

This reaction shows several peaks corresponding to proton removal from the p shell and the inner s shell. See (1974AJ01) and (1985BE30, 1985DO16).

38. ¹⁰B(d, ³He)⁹Be Q_m = -1.0924

Angular distributions of the ³He groups corresponding to ⁹Be*(0, 2.4) have been studied at E_d = 11.8, 28 and 52 MeV [the latter also to ⁹Be*(6.7)], and at E_d = 15 MeV with S = 0.72 and 0.82 for ⁹Be*(0, 2.4): see (1979AJ01). At E_d = 52 MeV, S = 1.20, 1.23, and 0.70 for the 0, 2.43, and 6.66 MeV levels; ⁹Be*(11.3) appears to be strongly populated but is masked by strong transitions from target contaminants (1975SC41). An analysis for E_d = 11.8 MeV and a study of the uniqueness of the asymptotic normalization coefficient method is discussed in (2000FE08).

39. ¹⁰B(t, α)⁹Be Q_m = 13.2280

At E_t = 12.9 MeV α-groups are observed to the ground state of ⁹Be and to excited states at E_x = 1.75 ± 0.03, 2.43, 3.02 ± 0.04 (Γ = 320 ± 60 keV), 11.27 ± 0.04 (Γ = 530 ± 70 keV), (14.4) [Γ ≈ 800 keV], 14.39 and 16.67 MeV. The T = 3/2 state ⁹Be*(14.39) is very weakly populated [≈ 5% of intensity of α₂]. The angular distribution of the α₂ group shows sharp forward and backward peaking. The α₀ group is not peaked in the backward direction: see (1979AJ01). See also (1984AJ01) and (1982CI1A).

40. ¹⁰B(⁷Be, ⁸B)⁹Be Q_m = -6.4484

This reaction was studied with an 84 MeV ⁷Be radioactive beam (1999AZ02, 2001GA19, 2001TR04). The measured cross section determined the asymptotic normalization coefficients for the virtual transition ⁸B → ⁷Be + p which may be used to calculate the astrophysical S factor for (⁷Be(p, γ)⁸B at solar energies. See also the calculations and analysis of (1995GA20).

41. ¹¹B(p, ³He)⁹Be Q_m = -10.322

At E_p = 45 MeV angular distributions are reported for the ³He ions corresponding to ⁹Be*(0, 2.4, 11.8, 13.8, 14.39 [T = 3/2], 15.96 ± 0.04 [T = 1/2]). In addition one or more states may be located at ⁹Be*(15.13). It is suggested that ⁹Be*(11.8, 13.8, 15.96) are the J^π = 3/2^-; T = 1/2 analogs to ⁹B*(12.06, 14.01, 16.02). Angular distributions are also reported at E_p = 40 MeV. The intensity of the group to ⁹Be*(3.1) is ≈ 1% of the ground-state group at that energy: see (1974AJ01). The excitation energy of the first T = 3/2 state is E_x = 14392.2 ± 1.8 keV (1974KA15), using Q_m. Cross sections for this reaction at E_p = 4 - 11 MeV were calculated by (1994SH21) with Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin quantum multi-step direct reaction theory.

42. (a) ¹¹B(d, α)⁹Be Q_m = 8.031
(b) ¹¹B(d, nα)⁴He⁴He Q_m = 6.458

Alpha groups are reported corresponding to ⁹Be*(0, 1.7, 2.4, 3.1). The width of ⁹Be*(1.7) [E_x = 1.70 ± 0.01 MeV] is Γ_cm = 220 ± 20 keV. The weighted mean of the values of E_x of ⁹Be*(2.4), reported in (1974AJ01), is 2425 ± 3 keV. The 5/2⁺ state is at E_x = 3.035 ± 0.025 MeV: Γ_cm = 257 ± 25 keV. The ratio Γ_γ/Γ of ⁹Be*(1.7) ≤ 2.4 × 10^-5, that for ⁹Be*(2.4) is reported to be (1.16 ± 0.14) × 10^-4. Since Γ_γ is known [see 9.3 (in PDF or PS): 0.091 ± 0.010 eV], Γ = 0.78 ± 0.13 keV. See (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01) for references.

Angular distributions for α₀ and α₂ are reported at E_d = 0.39 to 3.9 MeV and at 12 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01)]. Recent measurements for E_cm = 57 - 141 keV were reported by (1997YA02, 1997YA08). Astrophysical S-factors were deduced. Reaction (b), at E_d = 10.4 and 12.0 MeV, proceeds via ⁹Be*(2.4) and to some extent via ⁹Be*(3.1, 4.7) and possibly some higher excited states. The dominant decay of ⁹Be*(2.4) state is to ⁵He_g.s. + α while ⁹Be*(3.1, 4.7) states decay to ⁸Be_g.s. + n. It should be noted, however, that the peaks corresponding to ⁹Be*(3.0) have a FWHM of ≈ 1 MeV, which may imply that ⁹Be*(2.8) is involved.

43. ¹²C(γ, pd)⁹Be Q_m = -31.7723

See (1986BU22, 1987BU1A, 1987VO08, 1988BU06). More recently, the reaction was studied at E_γ = 150 - 400 MeV with tagged photons (1999MC06).

44. (a) ¹²C(n, α)⁹Be Q_m = -5.7012
(b) ¹²C(n, nα)⁴He⁴He Q_m = -7.274747

Angular distributions of the α₀ group have been measured at E_n = 13.9 to 18.8 MeV [see (1974AJ01)] and at 14.1 MeV (1984HA48). ⁹Be*(1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 6.8) are also populated. Cross sections and particle-spectra related to neutron detector development have been measured at E_n = 4 - 11 MeV (1991BR09), 14.1 MeV (2000SA06), 14.6 MeV (1994KO53) and 40, 56 MeV (1994MO41). See also the calculated cross sections of (1989BR05). Reaction (b) at E_n = 13 to 18 MeV involves ⁹Be*(2.4). See (1984HA48) for differential cross sections at 14.1 MeV and for partial and total cross sections.

45. ¹²C(p, p³He)⁹Be Q_m = -26.2788

See (1985DE17; E_p = 58 MeV), and the calculations of (1987ZH10; E_p ≈ 0.7 GeV).

46. ¹²C(t, ⁶Li)⁹Be Q_m = -10.4846

Differential cross sections were measured at E_t = 33 MeV to ⁹Be_g.s. (1989SI02). Spectroscopic factors for ³He-cluster pickup were deduced.

47. ¹²C(α, ⁷Be)⁹Be Q_m = -24.6927

Cross section measurements at E_α = 90 MeV and DWBA analysis are reported in (1991GL03). See also ⁷Be in (2002TI10).

48. (a) ¹²C(⁷Li, ¹⁰B)⁹Be Q_m = -8.4905
(b) ¹²C(¹²C, ¹⁵O)⁹Be Q_m = -14.203
(c) ¹²C(¹³C, ¹⁶O)⁹Be Q_m = -3.4856
(d) ¹²C(¹⁴N, ¹⁷F)⁹Be Q_m = -10.4359

For reaction (a) see ¹⁰B. Differential cross sections for reaction (b) were measured at E(¹²C) = 480 MeV (1988KR11). For reaction (c) see (1988KR11) and (1985OS06). For reaction (d) see (1986GO1B; E(¹⁴N) = 150 MeV).

49. ¹³C(t, ⁷Li)⁹Be Q_m = -8.1806

Differential cross sections were measured at E_t = 33 MeV to ⁹Be*(0, 2.43) (1989SI02). Spectroscopic factors for α-cluster pickup were deduced.

50. ¹³C(³He, ⁷Be)⁹Be Q_m = -9.0614

Angular distributions have been obtained at E(³He) = 70 MeV for the transitions to ⁹Be*(0, 2.4) and ⁷Be*(0, 0.43). Broad states at 2.9, 4.8 ± 0.2, 7.3 ± 0.2 and 11.9 ± 0.4 MeV are also populated: see (1979AJ01).

51. ¹³C(α, ⁸Be)⁹Be Q_m = -10.7393

See ⁸Be here and ⁹Be in (1979AJ01).

52. ¹⁴N(⁷Li, ¹²C)⁹Be Q_m = 6.4236

See (1986GO1B; E(¹⁴N) = 150 MeV).

53. ¹⁶O(α, ¹¹C)⁹Be Q_m = -24.3100

See (1987KW01, 1987KW02).

54. ¹⁶O(¹³C, ²⁰Ne)⁹Be Q_m = -5.9177

See ²⁰Ne in (1987AJ02). See also (1985KA1J).