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GENERAL: References to articles on general properties of ¹⁰B published since the previous review (1988AJ01) are grouped into categories and listed, along with brief descriptions of each item, in the General Tables for ¹⁰B located on our website at: (nucldata.tunl.duke.edu/nucldata/General_Tables/10b.shtml).

See also 2 in (1988AJ01) [Electromagnetic Transitions in A = 5-10] (in PDF or PS), 10.18 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS) and 10.19 [Electromagnetic transitions in ¹⁰B] (in PDF or PS).

Mass of ¹⁰B: The mass excess adopted by (2003AU03) is 12050.7 ± 0.4 keV.

Isotopic abundance: (19.9 ± 0.2)% (1984DE53).

Electromagnetic transitions: Detailed information on electromagnetic transition strengths in ¹⁰B is displayed in 10.19 (in PDF or PS) and 10.20 (in PDF or PS). 10.19 (in PDF or PS) relates to levels below the proton threshold and draws on 10.21 (in PDF or PS) for the lifetimes of bound levels and on 10.22 (in PDF or PS) for radiative widths from the ⁶Li(α, γ)¹⁰B reaction. With the exception of the 5.11 MeV 2^- level with one nucleon in the sd shell and the 5.18 MeV 1⁺ level with two nucleons in the sd shell, the remaining levels in 10.19 (in PDF or PS) have been established as being dominantly p-shell in character. Furthermore, analysis of the empirical p-shell wave functions which best fit the electromagnetic data shows that the p-shell states all have mainly [42] spatial symmetry and that L and K_L (to distinguish the two D states) are rather good quantum numbers (1979KU05). 10.20 (in PDF or PS) relates to levels above the proton threshold studied mainly via the ⁹Be(p, γ)¹⁰B reaction. The region contains a number of overlapping resonances including a number of isospin-mixed s-wave resonances involving the analogs of the 5.96 MeV 1^- and 6.26 MeV 2^- levels of ¹⁰Be. The lowest negative-parity states also have mainly [42] spatial symmetry and in addition (51) SU3 symmetry. Thus, the 1^- and 2^- T = 1 states above are mainly ¹P and ¹D in character while for the T = 0 states the dominant components are as follows: ³P for the 5.11 MeV 2^- state, ³D for the 6.13 MeV 3^- state, ³F for the 6.56 MeV 4^- state, and ³P for the 6.88 MeV 1^- state.

1. 6Li(α, γ)10B

Qm = 4.4610

Observed resonances are displayed in 10.22 (in PDF or PS). For a discussion of isovector parity-mixing between the 5.11 MeV and 5.16 MeV levels of ¹⁰B see (1984NA07) in which thick-target yields were measured with a ⁶Li polarized target to obtain a parity-mixing parameter. In later work (1989BA24) strengths and mixing ratios of γ-transitions from these two levels were measured. However, it is clear that for the transitions to the 1.740 MeV level contributions from the double-escape peaks of stronger transitions to the 0.718 MeV level were not properly accounted for. For the 2⁺; 1 → 0⁺; 1 transition, the published 4% branch disagrees with the limit of < 0.5% in 10.19 (in PDF or PS) and would correspond to a B(E2) of 140 W.u. Similarly, the branch of 10.9% for the 2^-; 0 → 0⁺; 1 transition corresponds to a B(M2) of 130 W.u. The mixing ratios from 3-point angular distributions also appear unreliable. Total transition strengths of ωγ_cm = 0.046 ± 0.004 eV and 0.385 ± 0.020 eV were determined for the 2^- and 2⁺ resonances, respectively, which are in good agreement with the values in 10.22 (in PDF or PS). For a preliminary report involving a target of laser-polarized ⁶Li atoms see (1987MU13). See also the astrophysics-related work in (1996RE16, 1997NO04).

2. (a) 6Li(α, n)9B	Qm = -3.9753	Eb = 4.4610
(b) 6Li(α, p)9Be	Qm = -2.1249
(c) 6Li(α, d)8Be	Qm = -1.5657

The excitation functions for neutrons [from threshold to E_α = 15.5 MeV] and for deuterons [E_α = 9.5 to 25 MeV; d₀, d₁ over most of range] do not show resonance structure: see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01). Reaction-mechanism studies of (α, p) and (α, d) at E_α = 26.7 MeV are reported in (1990LI37) and (1989LI24), respectively. A calculation of the (α, d) cross section at E_α ≤ 24 MeV is described in (1994FU17).

3. (a) 6Li(α, α)6Li		Eb = 4.461008
(b) 6Li(α, 2α)2H	Qm = -1.473844

Excitation functions of α₀ and α₁ have been reported for E_α ≤ 18.0 MeV and 9.5 to 12.5 MeV, respectively: see (1974AJ01). Reported anomalies are displayed in 10.23 (in PDF or PS). Elastic scattering and VAP measurements are reported for E(pol. ⁶Li) = 15.1 to 22.7 MeV [see (1984AJ01)] and at E(pol. ⁶Li) = 19.8 MeV (1986CAZT; also TAP). Differential cross section measurements at E_α = 50 MeV are reported by (1992SA01, 1996BU06). Theoretical work reported since the previous review include: studies of target-clustering influence on exchange effects (1988LE06); knock-out exchange contributions in RGM (1989LE07); a description of a double-folding model potential (1993SI09); calculations with a multi-configuration RGM (1995FU11); a study of continuum-continuum coupling for ⁶Li → α + d breakup data (1995KA07); a folding-potential analysis for E_α = 3 - 50.5 MeV (1995SA12); and a study of coupling effects of resonant and continuum states for ⁶Li(α, α) at E_α = 40 MeV (1996SI13). Small anomalies have been reported in reaction (b) corresponding to ¹⁰B*(8.67, 9.65, 10.32, 11.65): see (1984AJ01). See, however, 10.18 (in PDF or PS). See also ⁶Li in (1988AJ01, 2002TI10), (1987BU27), (1986ST1E; applications) and (1986YA15, 1988LE06; theor.).

4. 6Li(6Li, d)10B

Qm = 2.9872

Angular distributions of deuteron groups have been determined at E(⁶Li) = 2.4 to 9.0 MeV (d₀, d₁, d₃) and 7.35 and 9.0 MeV (d₄, d₅). The d₂ groups corresponding to the isospin-forbidden reaction ⁶Li(⁶Li, d₂)¹⁰B (0⁺; 1) were observed weakly in early work (see (1974AJ01)) and ¹²C in (1980AJ01). More recent angular distribution measurements (1993WI13) at E(⁶Li) = 3 - 8 MeV deduced the isospin-breaking matrix element.

A reaction-mechanism study of ⁶Li(⁶Li, d)¹⁰B for E_cm = 7.2 - 13.3 MeV is described in (1987AR13).

5. 7Li(3He, γ)10B

Qm = 17.7883

Capture γ-rays have been observed for E(³He) = 0.8 to 6.0 MeV. The γ₀ and γ₅ yields [to ¹⁰B*(0, 4.77)] show resonances at E(³He) = 1.1 and 2.2 MeV [E_res = 0.92 and 2.1 MeV], the γ₁ and γ₄ yields [to ¹⁰B*(0.72, 3.59)] at 1.4 MeV and the γ₄ yield at 3.4 MeV: see 10.10 (in PDF or PS) in (1979AJ01). Both the 1.1 and 2.2 MeV resonances [¹⁰B*(18.4, 19.3)] appear to result from s-wave capture; the subsequent decay is to two 3⁺ states [¹⁰B*(0, 4.77)]. Therefore the most likely assignment is J^π = 2^-; T = 1 for both [there appears to be no decay of these states via α₂ to ⁶Li*(3.56) which has J^π = 0⁺; T = 1: see reaction 9]. The assignment for ¹⁰B*(18.8) [1.4 MeV resonance] is 1⁺ or 2⁺ but there appears to be α₂ decay and therefore J^π = 2⁺. ¹⁰B*(20.1) [3.4 MeV resonance] has an isotropic angular distribution of γ₄ and therefore J^π = 1^-, 2^-. The γ₂ group resonates at this energy which eliminates 2^-. See (1974AJ01) for references.

6. 7Li(3He, n)9B

Qm = 9.3520

Eb = 17.7883

The excitation curve is smooth up to E(³He) = 1.8 MeV and the n₀ yield shows resonance behavior at E(³He) = 2.2 and 3.25 MeV, Γ_lab = 270 ± 30 and 500 ± 100 keV. No other resonances are observed up to E(³He) = 5.5 MeV. See 10.10 (in PDF or PS) in (1979AJ01), (1986AB10; theor.) and (1974AJ01).

7. 7Li(3He, p)9Be

Qm = 11.2025

Eb = 17.7883

The yield of protons has been measured for E(³He) = 0.60 to 4.8 MeV: there is some indication of weak maxima at 1.1, 2.3 and 3.3 MeV. Measurements of A_y for the ground-state group at E(pol. ³He) = 14 MeV (1983LE17, 1983RO22) and 33 MeV (1983LE17) have been reported. Measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers were reported at E(³He) = 4.6 MeV (1995BA24). The polarization at E(³He) = 14 MeV was measured by (1984ME11, 1984TR03). P = A in this and in the inverse reaction [see reaction 4 in ¹²C in (1985AJ01) for some additional comments]. Proton yields as a function of angle were measured for E(³He) = 93 MeV by (1994DO32). Astrophysics-related measurements at E_cm = 0.5 - 2 MeV (1990RA16) and E(³He) = 160, 170 keV (2002YA06) have been reported. Astrophysical S-factors were deduced. A theoretical study of the reaction mechanism and astrophysical implications are described in (1993YA01). Calculations for the reaction and the inverse reaction to deduce time-reversal-invariance violation amplitude features were reported in (1988KH11). For earlier references see (1984AJ01). See also (1986AB10; theor.).

8. (a) 7Li(3He, d)8Be	Qm = 11.2025	Eb = 17.7883
(b) 7Li(3He, t)7Be	Qm = -0.88081
(c) 7Li(3He, 3He)7Li

Yields of deuterons have been measured for E(³He) = 1.0 to 2.5 MeV (d₀) and yields of tritons are reported for 2.0 to 4.2 MeV (t₀): a broad peak is reported at E(³He) ≈ 3.5 MeV in the t₀ yield. See (1979AJ01) for references. Polarization measurements are reported at E(pol. ³He) = 33.3 MeV for the deuteron groups to ⁸Be*(16.63, 17.64, 18.15) and for the triton and ³He groups to ⁷Be*(0, 0.43) and ⁷Li*(0, 0.48, 4.63): see (1984AJ01). Measurements of the yields for deuterons, alphas, tritons and ³He as a function of angle at E(³He) = 93 MeV are described in (1994DO32). A compilation and analysis of cross section data for studying evidence for clusters in ⁷Li is presented in (1995MI16).

9. 7Li(3He, α)6Li

Qm = 13.32732

Eb = 17.78833

Excitation functions have been measured for E(³He) = 1.3 to 18.0 MeV: see (1974AJ01). The α₀ group (at 8°) shows a broad maximum at ≈ 2 MeV, a minimum at 3 MeV, followed by a steep rise which flattens off between E(³He) = 4.5 and 5.5 MeV. Integrated α₀ and α₁ yields rise monotonically to 4 MeV and then tend to decrease. Angular distributions give evidence of the resonances at E(³He) = 1.4 and 2.1 MeV seen in ⁷Li(³He, γ)¹⁰B: J^π = 2⁺ or 1^-; T = (1) for both [see, however, reaction 5]: Γ_α is small. The α₂ yield [to ⁶Li*(3.56), J^π = 0⁺; T = 1] shows some structure at E(³He) = 1.4 MeV and a broad maximum at ≈ 3.3 MeV: see 10.10 (in PDF or PS) in (1979AJ01). Polarization measurements are reported at E(pol. ³He) = 33.3 MeV to ⁶Li*(0, 2.19, 3.56): see (1984AJ01). See also (1983AN1D, 1984PA1E, 1994DO32).

10. 7Li(α, n)10B

Qm = -2.7893

Angular distributions are reported at E_α = 28 and 32 MeV for the n₀, n₁ and n₂ groups (1985GUZQ). See (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01) for the earlier work. Neutron spectra and photon yields from ⁷Li(α, n) neutron sources for E_α = 5.5 - 5.8 MeV were measured by (1993VL02).

11. (a) 7Li(12C, α + 6Li)9Be	Qm = -12.9515
(b) 7Li(12C, d + 8Be)9Be	Qm = -14.5172
(c) 7Li(12C, p + 9Be)9Be	Qm = -15.0764

The breakup of ¹⁰B was studied (2001LE05) in an experiment with 76 MeV ¹²C incident on Li₂O. Breakup of ¹⁰B into α + ⁶Li, α + ⁶Li*(3⁺), ⁸Be + d and ⁹Be + p was observed. Evidence was obtained for two new ¹⁰B states at E_x = 7.96 ± 0.07 MeV, Γ = 285 ± 91 keV and E_x = 9.58 ± 60 MeV, Γ = 257 ± 64 keV. The energy spectrum is dominated by T = 0 states that decay into ⁶Li_g.s. + α.

12. 9Be(p, γ)10B

Qm = 6.5859

Parameters of the observed resonances are listed in 10.24 (in PDF or PS). An angle-integrated excitation function has been measured over the energy range E_p = 75 to 1800 keV (1995ZA04). This establishes the absolute (p, γ) cross sections for this region with considerably more certainty than existed at the time of the previous review (1988AJ01). 10.24 (in PDF or PS) lists six resonances in this energy region with 5 rather broad resonances and a narrow J^π = 0⁺; T = 1 resonance (Γ_cm = 2.65 keV) at E_p = 1038 keV. The excitation function is dominated by three broad unresolved resonances at E_p = 938, 980, and 992 keV. The existence of the 938 keV resonance has been established from analyses of the excitation functions for γ-ray transitions to specific final states. However, the 2⁺ and 2^- levels near 990 keV have similar widths and dominant ground-state radiative transitions and thus cannot be distinguished from consideration of the (p, γ) data alone. The γ transitions from this reaction are given in 10.20 (in PDF or PS) and the information obtained is summarized in the following discussion.

The E_p = 330 keV resonance (E_x = 6.87 MeV) is ascribed to s-wave protons because of its comparatively large proton width [see ⁹Be(p, p)] and because of the isotropy of the γ radiation. The strong E1 transitions to both T = 0 and T = 1 final states in 10.20 (in PDF or PS) indicate considerable isospin mixing (1956WI16) because only T = 0 ↔ T = 1 isovector E1 transitions are possible in ¹⁰B. The transition to the 1.74 MeV level implies J^π = 1^- and its relative strength, together with the existence of substantial deuteron and alpha widths, indicates a dominance of T = 0 for the 6.87 MeV state.

Most of the data in 10.20 (in PDF or PS) comes from an analysis of the excitation functions for γ-ray transitions to specific final states (1964HO02). The E_p = 938 keV resonance was originally given a tentative J^π = 2^-; T = 0 assignment. The 1^- assignment was made for a resonance in elastic proton scattering at E_p = 945 ± 10 keV with a width Γ_cm = 130 ± 10 keV and the suggestion was made that this level is the missing isospin-mixed partner of the 6.87 MeV level (1969MO29). An estimate of the isospin mixing was made in (1969RO12). See also the appendix in (2001BA47). The relative E1 strengths for the transitions to the 1⁺; 0 levels at 0.72 and 2.15 MeV imply T = 1 isospin admixtures of 15% and 21%, respectively, and the strength of the 7.43 → 1.74 E1 transition expected for this level of admixture is just below the observed upper limit. The strong M1 transition to the 2^-; 0 level at 5.11 MeV, expected to be mainly ¹P → ³P, implies an isospin admixture of ≈ 8.5% but this should be treated as a lower limit because some of the 7.43 → 5.11 strength may be due to one or both of the two levels near 7.48 MeV (1964HO02). However, it does appear from Fig. 6 of (1975AU02) that the transition is mainly from the 7.43 MeV level. The T = 1 component of the 1^- doublet corresponds to the 5.96 MeV level of ¹⁰Be shifted downwards by ≈ 400 keV with respect to p-shell levels on account of the smaller Coulomb energy shift for (sd) orbits. The 0.93 MeV resonance is also observed in the ⁹Be(p, d) and ⁹Be(p, α) reactions via the T = 0 component in the wave function (1956WE37). The α width which results from the isospin mixing is sufficient to account for the strength of the 7.43 → 0.72 transition observed via the ⁶Li(α, γ) reaction and calls into question the existence of a 2^-; 0 level at 7.43 MeV proposed by (1975AU02).

The prominent E_p = 992 keV resonance was originally assigned as 2^-; 1 largely on account of the apparent s-wave formation and the strength of the ground-state transition (1964HO02). However, earlier elastic proton scattering data had indicated the existence of a p-wave 2⁺ state near 980 keV and an s-wave 2^- state near 998 keV (1956MO90). See also (1969MO29). Then, low-energy electron scattering [see ¹⁰B(e, e')] revealed a very strong M1 transition to a state at this energy (1965SP04) which can account for over 70% of the (p, γ) cross section. This state was identified with the second 2⁺; 1 level predicted by shell model calculations with similar spatial structure to the ¹⁰B ground state. The analog in ¹⁰Be is at 5.96 MeV and is populated as a strong Gamow-Teller transition in charge-exchange reactions on ¹⁰B [see reaction 28 in ¹⁰Be].

Subtraction of the M1 strength associated with the 2⁺; 1 level leaves substantial ground-state transition strength for the 2^- level, indicating a T = 1 component. The s-wave resonance at E_p = 1290 ± 30 keV also has a strong ground-state transition and was assigned as 2^-; 1 (1964HO02). Thus, there appears to be a doublet of isospin-mixed 2^- levels with the T = 1 component corresponding to the 6.26 MeV level of ¹⁰Be.

The narrow E_p = 1083 keV level is formed by p-wave protons and has J^π = 0⁺ (see reaction 14 [⁹Be(p, p)] and reaction 16 [⁹Be(p, α)]). The isotropy of the γ rays supports this assignment. The strong M1 transitions to the J^π = 1⁺; T = 0 levels at 0.72, 2.15, and 5.18 MeV [ 10.22 (in PDF or PS)] indicate T = 1. The analog is at 6.18 MeV in ¹⁰Be. The width of the 5.18 MeV level of ¹⁰B observed in the decay is 100 ± 10 keV (1975AU02). The 7.56 MeV 0⁺; 1 and 5.18 MeV 1⁺; 0 levels are the lowest (sd)², or 2ℏω, levels in ¹⁰B. The strong M1 transition between them is consistent with these assignments.

Since the previous review (1988AJ01) several measurements and analyses have been done for low proton energies. Branching ratios and angular distributions for capture to ¹⁰B states at E_x = 0, 0.718, 1.740 and 2.154 MeV were measured for proton energies E_p = 40 - 180 keV (1992CE02). Astrophysical S-factors were deduced. Measurements of an angle integrated S-factor for E_p = 75 - 1800 keV were reported by (1995ZA04). The spectrum is dominated by three broad peaks and the analysis included interference effects with the direct-capture process. The best fit was obtained for J^π values of 1^-, 2^-, and 2^- and the resulting resonance energies were E_p(lab) = 380 ± 30, 989 ± 2 and 1405 ± 20 keV. The widths were Γ_lab = 330 ± 30, 90 ± 3 and 430 ± 30 keV, respectively. The low-energy S-factor is about one third of that obtained by (1992CE02). A measurement by (1998WU05) with 100 keV polarized protons on a thick ⁹Be target determined analyzing powers for capture to the ¹⁰B ground state and the first three excited states. Astrophysical S-factors were deduced using a direct-capture-plus-resonance model. These data were used in an evaluation of thermonuclear proton-capture rates by (2000NE09). Polarized protons at E_p = 280 - 0 keV were used (1999GA21) to measure the analyzing power for the ground state transition. Comparison of the results to calculations showed that the analyzing power could be reproduced only by the interference of direct capture with the tail of a 2⁺ resonance that was taken to be at 7.478 MeV (the 7.469 MeV state in 10.18 (in PDF or PS)). Although these results indicate that the resonance strength in the (p, γ) channel near 7.48 MeV is predominantly 2⁺, the data do not rule out a small contribution from an additional state.

Existing data on ⁹Be(p, γ)¹⁰B were reanalyzed within the framework of an R-matrix method by (1999SA39). Parameters of resonances at E_p(cm) = 296, 890, 972 and 1196 keV were determined and compared (see Table II of (1999SA39)) with parameters given in (1988AJ01, 1995ZA04, 1998WU05). Data for proton energies up to E_p = 1800 keV and γ-transitions to the four lowest ¹⁰B states were fitted using R-matrix formulae by (2002BA09). A good fit was obtained with two 1^- levels, two 2^- levels, one 0⁺ level and one 2⁺ level. Level parameters derived from these fits using different combinations of input data are presented in Tables 5, 6, and 8 of (2002BA09). In related work since (1988AJ01), asymptotic normalization coefficients obtained from peripheral transfer reactions such as ¹⁰B(⁷Be, ⁸B)⁹Be at low energies have been used to determine ⁹Be(p, γ)¹⁰B S-factors (1999SA39). Extracted asymptotic normalization coefficients used for determining stellar reaction rates for ⁹Be(p, γ)¹⁰B are discussed in (2003KR14). See also the astrophysics-related work (1996RE16, 1997NO04, 2000IC01).

For further information concerning ⁹Be(p, γ)¹⁰B experiments for E_p > 1330 keV, refer to (1988AJ01).

13. 9Be(p, n)9B

Qm = -1.8504

Eb = 6.5859

As noted in (1988AJ01), "Resonances in the neutron yield occur at E_p = 2562 ± 6, 4720 ± 10 and, possibly, at 3500 keV with Γ_cm = 84 ± 7, ≈ 500 and ≈ 700 keV. These three resonances correspond to ¹⁰B*(8.890, 10.83, 9.7): see 10.13 (in PDF or PS) in (1974AJ01). Cross section measurements for the (p, n) and (p, n₀) reactions have been obtained by (1983BY01; E_p = 8.15 to 15.68 MeV) [see also for a review of earlier work]. They indicate possible structure in ¹⁰B near 13 - 14 MeV (1983BY01)."

"The E_p = 2.56 MeV resonance is considerably broader than that observed at the same energy in ⁹Be(p, α) and ⁹Be(p, γ) and the two resonances are believed to be distinct. The shape of the resonance and the magnitude of the cross section can be accounted for with J^π = 3^- or 3⁺; the former assignment is in better accord with ¹⁰Be*(7.37). For J^π = 3^-, θ²_n = 0.135, θ²_p = 0.115 (R = 4.47 fm): see (1974AJ01)."

"The analyzing power for n₀ has been measured for E_p = 2.7 to 17 MeV (1980MA33, 1983BY02, 1986MU07) as has the polarization in the range E_p = 2.7 to 10 MeV (1983BY02). See (1983BY02, 1986MU07) for discussions of the σ(θ), A_y(θ) and P(θ) measurements. Polarization measurements have also been reported at E_{pol. p} = 3.9 to 15.1 MeV and 800 MeV: [see (1984AJ01)] and at 53.5, 53.9 and 71.0 MeV (1988HE08) [K^y'_y, K^z'_z]."

A summary of monoenergetic neutron beam sources for E_n > 14 MeV is presented in (1990BR24). See also the measurements at E_p = 300, 400 MeV reported in (1994SA43). Neutron spectra were measured for E_p = 20 - 40 MeV (1996SH29) and for E_p = 3 - 5 MeV (2001HO13). See also the measurements of σ(E_n) for E_p = 35 MeV (1987OR02) and the thick-target yield measurements of (1987RA23). This reaction was used by (1987RA32) at E_p = 135 MeV to deduce Gamow-Teller transitions B(GT) and the quenching factor. Measurements of σ(θ) at E_p = 35 MeV were used to study the isovector part of optical potentials through analog transitions. Calculations of σ(θ, E_n) for E_p = 1 GeV are described in (1994GA49). See also the analysis for E_p = 800 MeV to study pion-production medium effects (1998IO03). See also ⁹B and references cited in (1988AJ01).

14. (a) 9Be(p, p)9Be		Eb = 6.5859
(b) 9Be(p, p + n)8Be	Qm = -1.6654
(c) 9Be(p, p + α)5He	Qm = -2.467

The elastic scattering resonances up to E_x = 8 MeV shown in 10.25 (in PDF or PS) come from (1956MO90, 1969MO29). Below E_p = 0.7 MeV only s-waves are present exhibiting a resonance at E_p = 330 keV with J^π = 1^-. Apart from the tentative 1⁺ assignment at E_p = 1200 keV, which was introduced to satisfy a need for resonant p-wave formation (1969MO29), there is good agreement between the results of (1956MO90) and (1969MO29). The analysis requires a large d-wave admixture with the s-wave protons forming the E_p = 1340 keV resonance (1969MO29).

Between E_p = 0.8 and 1.6 MeV polarization and cross section measurements are well fitted by a phase-shift analysis using only ³S₁, ⁵S₂, ⁵P₁, and ⁵P₂ phases (1973RO24). However, the spin assignments of 1⁺ for a state at E_x = 7.48 MeV and 1^- for a state at E_x = 7.82 MeV to fit this data are in disagreement with the assignments in 10.25 (in PDF or PS) and with other data. In particular, these assignments leave no state near 7.48 MeV to explain the strong M1 transition observed in electron scattering and no state near 7.8 MeV to explain the strong radiative transition to the ground state (2001BA47).

The 2⁺ state at 8.07 MeV has been observed via inelastic electron scattering and given the same spin-parity assignment. It has also been observed via inelastic pion scattering.

The next prominent elastic scattering resonance occurs at E_p = 2.56 MeV (E_x = 8.89 MeV) and has a width of ≈ 100 keV. The analogs of the 7.37 MeV 3^- and 7.54 MeV 2⁺ levels of ¹⁰Be are known to be nearly degenerate at 8.89 MeV in ¹⁰B. The 3^- level (Γ ≈ 85 keV) dominates in the ⁹Be(p, p) and ⁹Be(p, n) reactions while the 2⁺ level (Γ ≈ 40 keV) dominates the ⁹Be(p, α₂γ)⁶Li cross section (1977KI04). In fits to elastic scattering in this region (1983AL10), including polarization data (1976MA58), a number of other relatively narrow states have been introduced between 8.4 and 9.1 MeV. The data of (1983AL10) extends to E_p = 5 MeV and three more levels have been proposed. The highest at E_p = 4.72 MeV (E_x = 10.83 MeV) occurs at an energy where resonances have been observed in a number of other reaction channels. The assignment of J^π = 2⁺; T = 1 is consistent with that obtained for a resonance observed in the ⁹Be(p, p₀), ⁹Be(p, p₂), and ⁹Be(p, α₂) reactions (1974YA1C).

15. (a) 9Be(p, t)7Be	Qm = -12.0833	Eb = 6.5859
(b) 9Be(p, 3He)7Li	Qm = -11.2025

Polarization measurements (reaction (b)) are reported at E_{pol. p} = 23.06 MeV: see (1984AJ01). For a study at E_p = 190 and 300 MeV see (1987GR11). See also (1985SE15).

16. (a) 9Be(p, d)8Be	Qm = 0.5592	Eb = 6.5859
(b) 9Be(p, α)6Li	Qm = 2.1249

Proton-induced reactions on ⁹Be are of considerable interest in regard to primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis. Subsequent to the previous compilation (1988AJ01), there have been two studies of the reactions (a) and (b) at low proton energies (1997ZA06, 1998BR10). Excitation functions and angular distributions for E_p = 16 to 390 keV have been measured by (1997ZA06). Both polarized and unpolarized protons have been used by (1998BR10) to measure angular distributions and analyzing powers for E_p = 77 to 321 keV. Earlier measurements (1973SI27) provided excitation functions for E_p = 30 to 700 keV and angular distributions for E_p = 110 to 600 keV. The prominent feature in the excitation functions for both reactions, expressed as values of the astrophysical S factors, is a peak at E_p ≈ 310 keV attributed to the 6.87 MeV 1^- level of ¹⁰B. The analyses of both (1997ZA06) and (1998BR10) indicate substantial direct reaction contributions to the ⁹Be(p, d)⁸Be cross section at energies below the E_p ≈ 310 keV resonance.

The low-energy data and attempts to fit it are summarized by (2001BA47) where an R-matrix fit of almost all the data is performed for E_p ≤ 700 keV. The discussion in (2001BA47) includes arguments questioning some of the ¹⁰B J^π assignments of (1988AJ01). In particular, it is argued in Appendix A of (2001BA47) that the dominantly T = 1 isospin-mixed partner of the 6.87 MeV 1^-; 0 + 1 level exists near E_x = 7.44 MeV (see reaction 12 and 10.20 (in PDF or PS)) where a resonance is seen in reactions (a) and (b) (1956WE37).

10.26 (in PDF or PS) shows resonances observed in early measurements of excitation functions for deuterons and α-particles. Up to E_p = 2.3 MeV, the information is taken from a multi-level R-matrix analysis of the p, d₀, α₀, α₁, and γ channels by (1969CO1J) [see also (1964HO02, 1969MO29)] omitting only the nearly pure T = 1 states at 7.47 MeV (2⁺) and 7.56 MeV (0⁺). (1969CO1J) give reduced widths and radiative widths for all these states. The separation of the 3^-/2⁺; T = 1 doublet at E_p = 2.56 MeV comes from an R-matrix analysis of the (α₂γ) and p₀ yields by (1977KI04). The higher resonances appear on a background of direct reaction contributions and, given the assignment of both α₂ and α₀ or α₁ decays in the same or different experiments (1959MA20, 1974YA1C), it is not clear whether the resonances are due to isospin-mixed or unresolved states.

The existence of a 3.5 MeV resonance (E_x = 9.7 MeV) included in the previous compilation (1988AJ01) and assigned T = 1 was based on a small bump in the ⁹Be(p, αγ)⁶Li cross section between the 2.56 MeV and 4.5 MeV resonances (1959MA20). However, there is no known analog state in ¹⁰Be and no resonance structure is observed in the ⁹Be(n, α)⁶He spectrum (1957ST95).

Other measurements at higher energies include those at E_p = 50 MeV (1989GU08), E_p = 25, 30 MeV (1992PE12), E_p = 2.475 MeV (1994LE08; applications), E_p = 40 MeV (1997FA17), and E_p = 60 MeV (1987KA25). For earlier measurements see (1988AJ01). Polarization measurements have been made in the range E_p = 0.30 to 15 MeV and at 185 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01)] and at E_{pol. p} = 60 MeV (1987KA25; A_y; inclusive deuteron spectra).

Theoretical work and other analyses of these reactions are discussed in (1987GO27, 1991AB04, 1992KO26, 1992KW01, 1996YA09, 1997NO04, 1999TI07, 2000GA49, 2000GA59).

17. 9Be(d, n)10B

Qm = 4.3613

Neutron groups are observed corresponding to the ¹⁰B states listed in 10.27 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been measured for E_d = 0.5 to 16 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01)], at 8 MeV (1986BA40; n₀ → n₅, n₆₊₇₊₈; also at 4 MeV to the latter) and at 18 MeV (1987KAZL; n₀, n₁) and at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MeV (1995VU01; n₀, n₆). At 25 MeV differential cross sections were measured and analyzed for levels below 6.57 MeV (1992MI03). Spectroscopic factors were deduced and compared with previous data and with coupled-reaction-channel calculations. See Tables 2 and 3 of (1992MI03). Observed γ-transitions are listed in 10.16 (in PDF or PS) of (1979AJ01). See 10.19 (in PDF or PS), 10.20 (in PDF or PS) and 10.21 (in PDF or PS) here for the parameters of radiative transitions and for τ_m. Measurements of neutron angular distributions for E_d = 15, 18 MeV were analyzed (1988KA30) in the framework of the peripheral model of direct reactions. Neutron yields and differential cross sections at E_d = 40 MeV were measured by (1987SC11). See also the neutron measurements at E_d = 2.6 - 7 MeV (1993ME10), E_d = 21 MeV (1994CO26), E_d = 20.2 MeV (1998BE31), E_d = 5 - 10 MeV (1998OL04), E_d = 0.5 - 1.54 MeV (1999AB38), and E_d = 9.8 MeV (1999JO03). Application-related yields and spectra were measured at E_d = 1.5, 1.95, 2.5 and 5 MeV by (2002COZZ). At low energies (E_d = 24 - 111 keV), cross sections were measured and astrophysical S factors were deduced by (2001HO23). An analysis of differential cross sections for E_d = 7 - 15 MeV was used to deduce optical model parameters and asymptotic normalization coefficients (2000FE08). ¹⁰B level information resulting from ⁹Be(d, n) experiments prior to (1988AJ01) was summarized in (1988AJ01).

See also ¹¹B in (1985AJ01) and references cited in (1988AJ01). Angular distributions of neutrons from ⁹Be(d, n) at E(⁹Be) = 3 - 7 MeV were measured by (2002MA20).

18. 9Be(3He, d)10B

Qm = 1.0924

Deuteron groups have been observed to a number of states of ¹⁰B: see 10.27 (in PDF or PS). Prior to the previous review (1988AJ01) angular distributions had been reported at E(³He) = 10 - 33.3 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)]. More recently, differential cross sections were measured and analyzed at E(³He) = 32.5 MeV (1993AR14), 22.3 - 34 MeV (1996AR07), and 42 MeV (1998AR15). Nuclear vertex constants and spectroscopic factors were deduced for the population of ¹⁰B levels at E_x = 0.0, 0.72, 1.74, 2.15 MeV. As noted in (1988AJ01), spectroscopic factors obtained in the (d, n) and (³He, d) reactions are not in good agreement: see the discussions in (1974KE06, 1980BL02, 1992MI03). See also the theoretical discussions in (1986AV01, 1989BO26, 1990KA17, 1997VO06).

19. 9Be(α, t)10B

Qm = -13.2280

Angular distributions have been studied at E_α = 27, 28.3 and 43 MeV [see (1979AJ01)], at 30.2 MeV (1984VA07; t₀, t₁, t₃, t₄) and at 65 MeV (1980HA33). In the latter experiment DWBA analyses have been made of the angular distributions to ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 1.74, 2.15, 3.59, 5.2, 5.92, 6.13, 6.56, 7.00, 7.5, 7.82, 8.9) and spectroscopic factors were derived. The angular distributions to ¹⁰B*(4.77, 6.03) could not be fitted by either DWBA or coupled channel analyses. In general coupled-channels calculations give a better fit to the 65 MeV data than does DWBA (1980HA33). Comparisons with other one-proton stripping reactions [(d, n) and (³He, d)] are discussed in (1980HA33) as well as in (1997VO06).

20. (a) 9Be(7Li, 6He)10B	Qm = -3.3904
(b) 9Be(10B, 10B)9Be
(c) 9Be(11B, 10B)10Be	Qm = -4.642
(d) 9Be(12C, 11B)10B	Qm = -9.371

At E(⁷Li) = 34 MeV angular distributions have been obtained for the ⁶He ions to the first four states of ¹⁰B. Absolute values of the spectroscopic factors are S = 0.88, 1.38 (p_1/2 or p_3/2), 1.40, and 0.46 (p_1/2), 0.54 (p_3/2) for ¹⁰B*(0, 0.74, 1.74, 2.15) (FRDWBA analysis): see (1979AJ01). See also (1988AL1G). At E(⁷Li) = 14.13 MeV a measurement of secondary beam production yields was reported by (1991BE49).

Cross sections have been measured for reaction (b) at E(¹⁰B) = 100 MeV to obtain asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC's) (1997MU19, 1998MU09, 2001KR12). Astrophysical S-factors for ⁹Be(p, γ)¹⁰B were deduced. In work described in (2000FE08) ANC's were deduced from a set of proton transfer reactions at different energies to study the uniqueness of the ANC method.

For reaction (c), angular distributions were measured at E_lab(¹¹B) = 45 MeV (2003KY01) optical parameters for the ¹⁰B + ¹⁰Be interaction.

For reaction (d) angular distributions were measured at E(¹²C) = 65 MeV for transitions to ¹⁰B levels at 0.0, 0.72, 1.74 and 2.15 MeV (2000RU05). Data were analyzed within the coupled reaction channel (CRC) method. It was found that two-step processes are important for all transitions.

21. 10Be(β-)10B

Qm = 0.5560

See ¹⁰Be.

22. 10Be(p, n)10B

Qm = -0.2264

The yield of the n₁ group has been studied for E_p = 0.9 to 2.0 MeV: see ¹¹B in (1990AJ01) and (1986TE1A). An analysis of data for E = 0.95 - 1.9 MeV and application of dispersion theory of reaction excitation functions at two-particle channel thresholds was reported in (1988DU06).

23. (a) 10B(γ, n)9B	Qm = -8.4363
(b) 10B(γ, p)9Be	Qm = -6.5859
(c) 10B(γ, p + n)8Be	Qm = -8.2513
(d) 10B(γ, π+)10Be	Qm = -140.1262

Absolute measurements have been made of the ¹⁰B(γ, n) cross section from threshold to 35 MeV with quasimonoenergetic photons; the integrated cross section is 0.54 in units of the classical dipole sum (60NZ/A MeV · mb). The (γ, 2n) + (γ, 2np) cross section is zero, within statistics, for E_γ = 16 to 35 MeV: see (1979AJ01) and (1988DI02). The giant resonance is broad with the major structure contained in two peaks at E_x = 20.1 ± 0.1 and 23.1 ± 0.1 MeV (σ_max ≈ 5.5 mb for each of the two maxima): see (1979AJ01). (1987AH02) [and H. H. Thies, private communication] [using bs] report two broad [Γ ≈ 2 MeV] maxima at 20.2 and 23.0 MeV [ ± 0.05 MeV] (σ = 5.0 and 6.0 mb, respectively; ± 10%) and a minor structure at E_x = 17.0 MeV. For reaction (b), differential cross section measurements were reported at E_γ = 66 - 103 MeV (1988SU14) and at 57.6 and 72.9 MeV (1998DE13). See also the knock-out mechanism analysis described in (1997JO07).

For reaction (c) see (1988SU14). For a DWIA study of reaction (d) for E_γ = 164 MeV, see the analysis reported in (1994SA44). See also ⁹Be, and the earlier references cited in (1988AJ01).

24. (a) 10B(e, e)10B
(b) 10B(e, eπ+)10Be	Qm = -140.1262
(c) 10B(e, en)9B	Qm = -8.4363
(d) 10B(e, ep)9Be	Qm = -6.5859

Inelastic electron groups for which extensive form-factor measurements are available are displayed in 10.28 (in PDF or PS). Transverse form factors in the momentum-transfer range q = 2.0 - 3.8 fm^-1 were measured for ¹⁰B*(0, 1.74, 5.16) by (1988HI02). Measurements spanning the range q = 0.48 - 2.58 fm^-1 were made by (1995CI02) to determine longitudinal and transverse form factors for ¹⁰B levels up to E_x = 6.7 MeV with the exception of the broad E_x = 5.18 MeV level. The experimental form factors are compared with the results of extensive shell-model calculations (1995CI02). Similar shell-model calculations of transverse scattering form factors for the 0, 1.74, and 5.16 MeV levels are reported in (1994BO04).

In (1995CI02), analyses that determined the r.m.s. radius of the ground-state charge distribution to be 2.58 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 fm are described. This value is consistent with the tabulated value of 2.45 ± 0.12 fm (1987DE43). In an appendix, B(E2) values derived from the longitudinal form factors (1995CI02, 1966SP02, 1976FA13, 1979AN08) are given for the 0.72, 2.15, 3.59, 5.92, and 6.03 MeV levels. The B(E2) value for the 4.77 MeV level is known to be very small and the longitudinal form factor appears to be dominated by the C0 multipole. The results of an analysis by the same method [by co-author D.J.M.; see (2004MIZX)] are listed in 10.28 (in PDF or PS), together with similar analyses for other states for which the form factors appear to be dominated by a single multipole. The effects of including electron distortion, not taken into account in the transition strengths reported in the previous tabulation (1988AJ01), are significant.

The previous tabulation also included information on states at 8.07 and 8.9 MeV from (1979AN08) and at 10.79 and 11.56 MeV from (1976FA13). The C2 strength reported for the 8.07 MeV level, analyzed as a 2⁺ level, was such that the level should have been very strongly populated by inelastic pion scattering and this is not the case (1988ZE01). For the 8.9 MeV excitation, the contributions from the 2⁺; 1 and 3^-; 1 members of the doublet near this energy cannot be separated. In the 11 MeV region, there is evidence for considerable M1 strength (1976FA13).

For reaction (b) see ¹⁰Be. For reactions (c) and (d) see (1984AJ01) and (1997JO07). See also the earlier references cited in (1988AJ01).

25. 10B(π, π')10B

The inelastic scattering of 162 MeV pions has been studied (1988ZE01) over the angular range 35° to 100° in the laboratory system and the data were analyzed with a model that incorporates shell-model wave functions into a distorted-wave impulse approximation formalism. Reduced transition probabilities were obtained for low-lying states. Higher states, or groups of unresolved states, at 7.0, 7.8, 8.07, 8.9, 9.7, 10.7, 11.5, and 12.8 MeV were studied.

26. 10B(n, n)10B

Angular distributions have been studied for E_n = 1.5 to 14.1 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01)] and at 3.02 to 12.01 MeV (1986SAZR, 1987SAZX; n₁ → n₅), 8 to 14 MeV (1983DA22; n₀) and 9.96 to 16.94 MeV (1986MU08; n₀). Measurements were made by (1990SA24) for E_n from 3.02 MeV up to 12.01 MeV. See also the experimental study of (1988RE09) and the optical model analysis of (1996CH33). See also ¹¹B in (1985AJ01, 1990AJ01) and (1984TO02).

27. (a) 10B(p, p)10B
(b) 10B(p, 2p)9Be	Qm = -6.5859

Angular distributions have been measured for a number of energies between E_p = 3.0 and 800 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and at 10 to 17 MeV (1986MU08; p₀). Differential cross sections have been measured (2001CH78) from E_p = 0.5 - 3.3 MeV in 5° steps from 100°-170°. Cross sections and polarization observables for 200 MeV polarized protons were measured by (1992BA76; p₀, p₁). See also the E_p = 200 MeV measurements and analyses reported in (1991LE22). Microscopic model analyses are reported for E_p = 25, 30, 40 MeV by (2000DE61) and for E_p = 200 MeV by (1997DO01). 10.29 (in PDF or PS) displays the states observed in this reaction. Inelastic scattering data were used to deduce the deformation parameters, β_L. The γ-ray results are shown in 10.19 (in PDF or PS) and 10.20 (in PDF or PS). See also (1979AJ01). For τ_m see 10.21 (in PDF or PS) (1983VE03).

Axions may cause e⁺e^- pairs in competition with γ-ray emission in an isoscalar M1 transition: a search for axions was undertaken in the case of the 3.59 → g.s. [2⁺ → 3⁺] transition. It was negative (1986DE25). A beam dump experiment and other attempts to observe axions are discussed in (1987HA1O). For reaction (b) at E_p = 1 GeV see (1985BE30, 1985DO16) and (1974AJ01). See also (1988KRZY), (1985KI1B, 1988KOZL; applied) and ¹¹C in (1985AJ01, 1990AJ01).

28. 10B(d, d)10B

Angular distributions have been reported at E_d = 4 to 28 MeV: see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01). Observed deuteron groups are displayed in 10.29 (in PDF or PS). The very low intensity of the group to ¹⁰B*(1.74) and the absence of the group to ¹⁰B*(5.16) is good evidence of their T = 1 character: see (1974AJ01). See also the cross section measurements at E_d = 13.6 MeV reported in (1991BE42).

29. 10B(t, t)10B

Angular distributions of elastically scattered tritons have been measured at E_t = 1.5 to 3.3 MeV: see (1974AJ01).

30. 10B(3He, 3He)10B

Angular distributions have been measured at E(³He) = 4 to 46.1 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and at 2.10 and 2.98 MeV (1987BA34; elastic). L = 2 gives a good fit of the distributions of ³He ions to ¹⁰B*(0.72, 2.15, 3.59, 6.03): derived β_L are shown in 10.19 (in PDF or PS) of (1979AJ01). See also 10.29 (in PDF or PS) here, ¹³N in (1986AJ01) and see the Strong-Absorption Model analysis for E(³He) = 41 MeV reported in (1987RA36).

31. (a) 10B(α, α)10B
(b) 10B(α, 2α)6Li	Qm = -4.4610

Angular distributions have been measured for E_α = 5 to 56 MeV [see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] and at 91.8 MeV (1985JA12; α₀). Measurements of cross sections relative to Rutherford scattering at large angles for E_α = 1 - 3.3 MeV were reported by (1992MC03). Data for E_α = 1.5 - 10 MeV were compiled and reviewed for depth-profiling applications in (1991LE33). Reaction (b) has been studied at E_α = 24 and 700 MeV: see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01). See also (1983GO27, 1985SH1D; theor.).

32. (a) 10B(6Li, 6Li)10B

(b) 10B(7Li, 7Li)10B

Elastic-scattering angular distributions have been studied at E(⁶Li) = 5.8 and 30 MeV: see (1979AJ01). A model for calculating departures from Rutherford backscattering for Lithium targets is described in (1991BO48). For reaction (b), elastic scattering angular distributions were studied at E(⁷Li) = 24 MeV: see (1979AJ01). Differential cross section measurements at E(⁷Li) = 39 MeV were reported in (1988ET02).

33. (a) 10B(7Be, 7Be)10B

(b) 10B(9Be, 9Be)10B

Elastic scattering differential cross section measurements at E(⁷Be) = 84 MeV have been reported (1999AZ02, 2001AZ01, 2001GA19, 2001TR04). The results were used along with ¹⁰B(⁷Be, ⁸B) data to deduce asymptotic normalization coefficients for the virtual transitions ⁸B → ⁷Be + p and to calculate the astrophysical S factor and direct-capture rates for ⁷Be(p, γ)⁸B. See also the analysis in (2002GA11).

For reaction (b), the elastic angular distributions have been measured at E(¹⁰B) = 20.1 and 30.0 MeV (1983SR01). For yield and cross section measurements see (1983SR01, 1986CU02). See also the calculations of (1984IN03, 1986RO12).

34. (a) 10B(10B, 10B)10B

(b) 10B(11B, 11B)10B

Elastic angular distributions (reaction (a)) have been studied at E(¹⁰B) = 8, 13 and 21 MeV (see the references cited in (1979AJ01)) and at E(¹⁰B) = 4 - 15 MeV (1975DI08). These data were used by (2000RU05) to study the energy dependence of optical model parameters. For reaction (b) see the references cited in (1988AJ01). See also (2000RU05).

35. (a) 10B(12C, 12C)10B

(b) 10B(13C, 13C)10B

Elastic angular distributions have been measured at E(¹⁰B) = 18 and 100 MeV for reaction (a) [see (1979AJ01)] and at 18 - 46 MeV [see (1984AJ01)] and 42.5, 62.3 and 80.9 MeV for reaction (b) (1985MA10). For yield, cross section and fusion experiments see (1983DA20, 1983MA53, 1985MA10, 1988MA07) and (1984AJ01). For other references on these reactions, see (1988AJ01).

36. 10B(14N, 14N)10B

Angular distributions have been reported at E(¹⁰B) = 100 MeV and E(¹⁴N) = 73.9 and 93.6 MeV (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01), and at 38.1, 42.0 and 50 MeV (1988TA13). For fusion cross section studies see (1983DE26, 2001DI12) and the references cited in (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01, 1988AJ01).

37. (a) 10B(16O, 16O)10B

(b) 10B(17O, 17O)10B

(c) 10B(18O, 18O)10B

Elastic angular distributions (for reaction (a)) have been studied at E(¹⁰B) = 33.7 to 100 MeV and at E(¹⁶O) = 15 - 32.5 MeV (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01), at E_cm = 14.77, 16.15 and 18.65 MeV (1988KO10), and for reactions (a), (b) and (c) at E(¹⁶O) = 16 - 64 MeV (1994AN05). For elastic cross sections for reaction (c) at E(¹⁸O) = 20, 24 and 30.5 MeV, see (1974AJ01). For a study of the time scales for binary processes for the ¹⁶O + ¹⁰B system at E_cm = 17 - 25 MeV see (2002SU17). See also (2001DE50). For yield and fusion cross section measurements see (1993AN08, 1993AN15, 1994AN05) and earlier references cited in (1988AJ01).

38. (a) 10B(19F, 19F)10B

(b) 10B(20Ne, 20Ne)10B

The elastic scattering has been investigated for E(¹⁹F) = 20 and 24 MeV for reaction (a) and E(¹⁰B) = 65.9 MeV for reaction (b): see (1974AJ01, 1984AJ01).

39. (a) 10B(24Mg, 24Mg)10B

(b) 10B(25Mg, 25Mg)10B

The elastic scattering for both reactions has been studied at E(¹⁰B) = 87.4 MeV: see (1984AJ01). The elastic scattering for reaction (b) has been measured at E(¹⁰B) = 34 MeV by (1985WI18).

40. (a) 10B(27Al, 27Al)10B

(b) 10B(28Si, 28Si)10B

(c) 10B(30Si, 30Si)10B

The elastic scattering for all three reactions has been studied at E(¹⁰B) = 41.6 and ≈ 50 MeV [and also at 33.7 MeV for reaction (b)]: see (1984AJ01). See also (1984TE1A).

41. (a) 10B(39K, 39K)10B

(b) 10B(40Ca, 40Ca)10B

The elastic scattering has been studied at E(¹⁰B) = 44 MeV for reaction (a) (1985WI18) and at 46.6 MeV for reaction (b): see (1984AJ01).

42. 10C(β+)10B

Qm = 3.6480

The half-life of ¹⁰C is 19.290 ± 0.012 sec (1990BA02): the decay is to ¹⁰B*(0.72, 1.74) with branching ratios of (98.53 ± 0.02)% (1979AJ01) and (1.4645 ± 0.0019)% [world average (1999FU04)], see (1991KR19, 1991NA01, 1995SA16, 1999FU04) for measurements since (1988AJ01): an upper limit for decay to ¹⁰B*(2.15), ≤ 8 × 10^-4%, is given in (1979AJ01). The excitation energies of ¹⁰B*(0.72, 1.74) are 718.380 ± 0.011 keV and 1740.05 ± 0.04 keV, respectively, which were determined from de-excitation γ-rays with E_γ = 718.353 ± 0.010 keV and 1021.646 ± 0.014 keV (1988BA55, 1989BA28). See (2003SU04) for discussion of B(GT) values.

The 0⁺ → 0⁺ super-allowed β-decay branch for ¹⁰C decay to ¹⁰B*(1.74) is important for determining the V_ud matrix element and for testing the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The V_ud matrix element is determined by ft-values; for ¹⁰C, this depends on the ¹⁰C*(0, [0⁺]) → ¹⁰B*(1.74, [0⁺]) branching ratio, 1.4645 ± 0.0019 [J^π in brackets], the ¹⁰C half-life (1990BA02), and the decay energy to the ¹⁰B*(1.74) state, 1907.86 ± 0.12 keV (1998BA83). The experimental ft value is 3037 ± 8, which yields log ft = 3.4825 ± 0.0014. Various corrections to the ft-values, to account for nuclear structure and isospin effects, are discussed in (1991RA09, 1992BA22, 1993CH06, 1994BA65, 1996SA09, 1998TOZQ, 2000BA52, 2000HAZU). After correction, the ft value is ≈ 3068.9 ± 8.5 (99FU04), which by itself satisfies the unitarity test of the CKM matrix. However, higher precision measurements are desirable since the satisfaction of CKM unitarity, based on all 0⁺ → 0⁺ decays, continues to be debated in the literature (2002HA47, 2002TO19, 2002WI09, 2003WI01).

43. 11B(γ, n)10B

Qm = -11.454

The intensities of the transitions to ¹⁰B*(3.59, 5.16) [T = 0 and 1, respectively] depend on the region of the giant dipole resonance in ¹¹B from which the decay takes place: it is suggested that the lower-energy region consists mainly of T = 1/2 states and the higher-energy region of T = 3/2 states: see ¹¹B in (1980AJ01). See also ¹¹B in (1985AJ01, 1990AJ01) and (1984AL22).

44. (a) 11B(p, d)10B	Qm = -9.230
(b) 11B(p, p + n)10B	Qm = -11.454

Angular distributions of deuteron groups have been measured at several energies in the range E_p = 17.7 to 154.8 MeV [see (1979AJ01)] and at 18.6 MeV (1985BE13; d₀, d₁). The population of the first five states of ¹⁰B and of ¹⁰B*(5.2, 6.0, 6.56, 7.5, 11.4 ± 0.2, 14.1 ± 0.2) is reported. Data at E_p = 33 MeV was used (1991AB04) in a test of Cohen-Kurath wave functions and intermediate coupling. For reaction (b) see (1985BE30, 1985BO05; 1 GeV). Cross sections σ(E) for both reactions (a) and (b) are calculated in a "quasiquantum multistep direct reaction" theory described in (1994SH21). See also references cited in (1988AJ01).

45. 11B(d, t)10B

Qm = -5.197

Angular distributions have been measured at E_d = 11.8 MeV (t₀ → t₃; l = 1) [see (1974AJ01)] and at 18 MeV (1987GUZZ, 1988GUZW). A combined DWBA and dispersion-theory analysis of cross section data is described in (1995GU22). Vertex constants and spectroscopic factors were deduced.

46. (a) 11B(3He, α)10B	Qm = 9.124
(b) 11B(3He, 2α)6Li	Qm = 4.663

Reported levels are displayed in 10.30 (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions have been measured at a number of energies between E(³He) = 1.0 and 33 MeV [see (1974AJ01)] and at 23.4 MeV (1987VA1I; α₀, α₁). For the decay of observed states see 10.19 (in PDF or PS) and 10.20 (in PDF or PS).

The α - α angular correlations (reaction (b)) have been measured for the transitions via ¹⁰B*(5.92, 6.03, 6.13, 6.56, 7.00). The results are consistent with J^π = 2⁺ and 4⁺ for ¹⁰B*(5.92, 6.03) and require J^π = 3^- for ¹⁰B*(6.13). There is substantial interference between levels of opposite parity for the α-particles due to ¹⁰B*(6.56, 7.00): the data are fitted by J^π = 3⁺ for ¹⁰B*(7.00) and (3, 4)^- for ¹⁰B*(6.56) [the ⁶Li(α, α) results then require J^π = 4^-]. See, however, reaction 16, and see (1974AJ01) for the references. See also (1988GOZB; theor.).

47. 11B(7Li, 8Li)10B

Qm = -9.422

Angular distributions have been measured at E(⁷Li) = 34 MeV involving ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 1.74, 2.15) and ⁸Li_g.s. (as well as ⁸Li*(0.98) in the case of the ¹⁰B_g.s. transition) (1987CO16).

48. (a) 12C(γ, d)10B	Qm = -25.1864
(b) 12C(γ, p + n)10B	Qm = -27.4110

For reaction (a) see (1986SH1M) and ¹²C in (1990AJ01). Reaction (b) was studied at E_γ = 189 - 427 MeV (1987KA13), 83 - 133 MeV (1988DA16), 80 - 159 MeV (1993HA12), 300 MeV (1995CR04), 80 - 157 MeV (1995MC02), 150 - 400 MeV (1996HA16), 114 - 600 MeV (1996LA15), 250 - 600 MeV (1998HA01), 120 - 400 MeV (1998MA02), 120 - 150 MeV (1998YA05), 150 MeV (1999KH06) and 150 - 700 MeV (2000WA20). Measurements with polarized photons at energies E_γ = 160 - 350 MeV were reported by (1999FR12, 2001PO19). Analyses of data and theoretical calculations are described in (1989VO01, 1994RY02, 1998RY01, 1999IR01, 2002GR05). For earlier work see the references cited in (1988AJ01).

49. 12C(n, t)10B

Qm = -18.9292

Cross section measurements at E_n = 40 - 56 keV for determining efficiency of neutron detectors were reported in (1994MO41). Calculated cross sections are tabulated in (1989BR05). See also (1985FR07, 1987FR16; E_n = 319 to 545 MeV) and (1986DO12).

50. 12C(π±, π±d)10B

Qm = -25.1864

At E_π⁺ = 180 MeV and E_π^- = 220 MeV, ¹⁰B*(0.72, 2.15) are populated: see (1984AJ01). At E_π⁺ = 150 MeV momentum distributions of pions to unresolved states of ¹⁰B are reported by (1987HU13).

51. (a) 12C(p, 3He)10B	Qm = -19.6929
(b) 12C(p, p + d)10B	Qm = -25.1864

Angular distributions of ³He ions have been measured for E_p = 39.8, 51.9 and 185 MeV: see (1979AJ01). ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 1.74, 2.15, 3.59, 4.77, 5.16, 5.92, 6.56, 7.50, 8.90) are populated. A calculation of ³He and α-particle multiplicities is described in (1987GA08). For reaction (b) see (1985DE17); E_p = 58 MeV; ¹⁰B*(0.72, 1.74)) and (1984AJ01). Calculations of cross sections for E_p = 58 MeV and 0.7 GeV are described in (1990LO18) and (1987ZH10), respectively. See also the references cited in (1988AJ01).

52. 12C(d, α)10B

Qm = -1.3400

Alpha groups have been observed to most of the known states of ¹⁰B below E_x = 7.1 MeV: see 10.23 (in PDF or PS) in (1974AJ01). Angular distributions have been measured for E_d = 5.0 to 40 MeV: see (1979AJ01). Single-particle S-values are 1.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.1 and 0.3, respectively, for ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 2.15, 3.59, 4.77). A study of the m_s = 0 yield at E_d = 14.5 MeV (θ = 0°) leads to assignments of 3⁺, 2^- and (3⁺, 4^-) for ¹⁰B*(4.77, 5.11, 6.56). The population of the isospin-forbidden group to ¹⁰B*(1.74) [α₂] has been studied with E_d up to 30 MeV: see ¹⁴N in (1986AJ01). See also (1984LOZZ).

53. 12C(α, 6Li)10B

Qm = -23.7126

Angular distributions have been reported at E_α = 42 and 46 MeV: see (1979AJ01). At E_α = 65 MeV, an investigation of the ⁶Li breakup shows that ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 2.16, 3.57, 4.77, 5.2, 5.9, 6.0) are involved: see (1984AJ01). See also the cross section measurements at E_α = 33.8 MeV (1987GA20) and at E_α = 90 MeV (1991GL03).

54. 12C(7Li, 9Be)10B

Qm = -8.4905

At E(⁷Li) = 78 MeV angular distributions have been measured to ¹⁰B*(0, 2.15) (1986GLZV).

55. (a) 12C(12C, 14N)10B	Qm = -14.9141
(b) 12C(14N, 16O)10B	Qm = -4.4503

Angular distributions (reaction (a)) involving ¹⁰B*(0, 0.7) have been studied at E(¹²C) = 49.0 to 75.5 and 93.8 MeV. Angular distributions (reaction (b)) involving ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 2.15, 3.59) have been measured at E(¹⁴N) = 53 MeV and 78.8 MeV (not to ¹⁰B*(3.59)): see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01) for references. See also (1986AR04, 1986CR1A, 1986MOZV).

56. 13C(p, α)10B

Qm = -4.0616

Differential cross sections were measured (1988AB11) at E_p = 18 - 45 MeV. Measurements at E_p = 30.95 MeV were reported by (1988BA30). Known p-shell levels at 0, 0.72, 1.74, 2.15, 3.59, 4.77, 5.16, 5.92, 6.03 and 7.47 MeV were excited (1988AB11, 1988BA30). Analyses in both these studies used DWBA direct pickup calculations using a triton cluster form factor and the shell model calculations of (1975KU01). Spectroscopic factors were deduced. For earlier work at E_p = 5.8 - 18 MeV and 43.7 and 50.5 MeV see (1979AJ01). See also references cited in (1988AJ01).

57. 14N(p, p + α)10B

Qm = -11.6122

See (1986VDZY; E_p = 50 MeV). See also (1986GO28; theor.).

58. 14N(d, 6Li)10B

Qm = -10.1384

At E_d = 80 MeV angular distributions are reported to ¹⁰B*(0, 0.72, 2.15, 3.59, 4.8, 6.04, 7.05, 8.68): see (1979OE01).

59. 16O(9Be, 15N)10B

Qm = -5.5415

See (1985WI18).

60. (a) natAg(14N, α + 6Li)X

(b) natAg(14N, p + 9Be)X

The breakup of ¹⁰B was studied (1989NA03, 1992NA01) in an experiment with an E/A = 35 MeV ¹⁴N beam incident on ^natAg. In the breakup of ¹⁰B into α + ⁶Li the 4.77 MeV 3⁺ and 6.56 MeV 4^- states were observed together with unresolved groups of states near 5.1, 6.0, and 7.0 MeV. In the ⁹Be + p channel peaks centered near 6.9, 7.5, and 8.9 MeV were observed. Similar results have been obtained for an ³⁶Ar beam incident on ¹⁹⁷Au (1992ZH08).