A=5Li (1988AJ01)

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⁵Li (1988AJ01)

(See Energy Level Diagrams for ⁵Li)

GENERAL: See also (1984AJ01) and Table 5.3 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS) here.

Model discussions: (1984ZW1A, 1985BA68, 1985FI1E, 1985KW02).

Special states: (1982PO12, 1983FE07, 1984BE1B, 1984FI20, 1984GL1C, 1984VAZS, 1984ZW1A, 1985BA68, 1985FI1E, 1985PO18, 1985PO19, 1985WI1A, 1987SV1A, 1988BA86, 1988KW02).

Electromagnetic transitions: (1985FI1E, 1987KR16).

Astrophysical questions: (1984BA74, 1984SU1A, 1985BO1E, 1986HU1D).

Complex reactions involving ⁵Li: (1985PO18, 1985PO19, 1985WI1A, 1986BA2D, 1986CH10, 1986CS1A, 1986MA1V, 1986XU1B, 1987BL1K, 1987CH33, 1987CH32, 1987DE1O, 1987DU07, 1987FO08, 1987GA20, 1987GE1B, 1987HA45, 1987KI16, 1987LY04, 1987PE1B, 1988CEZZ, 1988SA09).

Reactions involving pions: (1981MC09, 1983SP06, 1985BA1H, 1985BE1C).

Hypernuclei: (1982KA1D).

Other topics: (1983BE55, 1984BE1B, 1985AN28, 1987DU09, 1987SV1A, 1988KW02).

Ground state of ⁵Li: (1983ANZQ, 1985AN28, 1985FI1E, 1985TA1F, 1985FA01, 1985WI1A, 1987KR16, 1987SV1A, 1988WA08).

1. ³He(d, γ)⁵Li Q_m = 16.39

The ratio Γ_γ/Γ_pα has been determined for E(³He) = 63 to 150 keV [E_c.m. = 25 to 60 keV] by (1985CE13) by measuring simultaneously the γ-rays and the charged particles. Because of the large widths of the final states, γ₀ and γ₁ could not be resolved but the results are consistent with E_x = 3.0 ± 1.0 MeV for the excited state. Γ_γ₀/Γ_pα is roughly constant for E_c.m. = 25 to 60 keV at (4.5 ± 1.2) × 10^-5 and Γ_γ₁/Γ_pα = (8 ± 3) × 10^-5 at E(³He) = 150 keV (1985CE13). For applications see (1985CE13, 1985CE16).

Excitation curves and angular distributions have been measured for E_d = 0.2 to 5 MeV and E(³He) = 2 to 26 MeV. A broad maximum in the cross section is observed at E_d = 0.45 ± 0.04 MeV [⁵Li*(16.66)]. σ_γ₀ = 21 ± 4 μb, Γ_γ₀ = 5 ± 1 eV. The radiation at resonance is isotropic, consistent with s-wave capture. Study of γ₀ and γ₁ yields Γ = 2.6 ± 0.4 MeV for the ground-state width, and E_x = 7.5 ± 1.0 MeV, Γ = 6.6 ± 1.2 MeV for the 1/2^- state: see (1974AJ01). An excess in the cross section at higher bombarding energies is interpreted as being due to a state at E_x ≈ 18 MeV: even parity is deduced from the relative intensity of γ₀ and γ₁. A broad peak is also observed at E_x ≈ 20.7 MeV in the γ₀ cross section. The cross section for γ₁ is ≈ 0. The observations are consistent with J^π = 5/2⁺: angular distributions appear to require at least one other state with significant strength near 19 MeV: see (1974AJ01). For cross section and analyzing power measurements for E_{pol. d} = 4 to 9 MeV see (1985RIZZ; prelim.).

2. (a) ³He(d, p)⁴He Q_m = 18.35319 E_b = 16.39
(b) ³He(d, np)³He Q_m = -2.22458
(c) ³He(d, 2p)³H Q_m = -1.46083
(d) ³He(d, 2d)¹H Q_m = -5.49353

Excitation functions and angular distributions have recently been measured for E_c.m. = 6.95 to 171.3 keV, and S(E) have been deduced: S(0) = 6.3 ± 0.6 MeV · b (1987KR18). See also (1984AJ01). Recently, S-factors have been obtained down to E_c.m. = 5.88 keV. The effect on S of electron screening at low energies has been studied by (1988EN03).

A pronounced resonance occurs at E_d = 430 keV, Γ ≈ 450 keV. The peak cross section is 695 ± 14 mb: see Table 5.2 (in PDF or PS) in (1979AJ01). Excitation functions for ground-state protons have also been reported for E(³He) = 0.39 to 2.15 MeV and 18.7 to 44.1 MeV and for E_d = 2.8 to 17.8 MeV [see (1974AJ01)]. Angular distributions hav been measured for E_d = 0.25 to 27 MeV and E(³He) = 18.7 to 44.1 MeV [see Table 5.6 (in PDF or PS) in (1974AJ01) and (1979AJ01)]. Resonance-like behavior has been suggested at E_x = 16.6, 17.5, 20.0, 20.9 and 22.4 MeV: see (1979AJ01).

Tensor analyzing power measurements are reported for E_{pol. d} = 0.48 to 6.64 MeV (1980DR01). [See, however, (1980GR14) for a discussion of the (1980DR01) results and for a summary of T₂₀(0°) for E_{pol. d} = 0 to 40 MeV.] Measurements of angular distributions and analyzing powers at E(³He) = 27 and 33 MeV have suggested the presence of a broad resonance(s) at E_x ≈ 28 MeV. Vector and tensor analyzing powers have been studied at E_{pol. d} = 1.0 to 13.0 MeV (1986BI1C, 1986BIZP; prelim.) and 18, 20 and 22 MeV (1986SA1L; prelim.). See also (1986RO1J) and Tables 5.6 (in PDF or PS) in (1974AJ01) and 5.4 (in PDF or PS) in (1979AJ01).

It is suggested that at low energies [E_d = 2.2 to 6 MeV] reaction (c) goes primarily via a J^π = 3/2^-, T = 1/2 state of ⁵Li located 0.8 ± 0.2 MeV above threshold [i.e., E_x = 18.9 ± 0.2 MeV]: see (1979AJ01). Recent studies of the breakup have been reported at E_d = 23.08 MeV (1986BR1J; reaction (c)) and 60 MeV (1985OK03; reaction (d)). For the earlier work see (1984AJ01).

See also (1983MA1E, 1984ALZU, 1984GA1C, 1984HA1J, 1984MU1C, 1984VL1A, 1984WI1C, 1985GU1F, 1985KU1B, 1986BI1E, 1986JA1E, 1986KA1L, 1986LO1B, 1986PO1F, 1986WI1B, 1986WI1E, 1987JO1A, 1987KA1O, 1987TE1D, 1988GU1G, 1988KU1E; applications), (1984YA1A, 1985CA41, 1986DE1K, 1987DO1H, 1987RO25; astrophysics), (1986VA1D, 1987GR08) and (1984DU10, 1984KR1B, 1986AB1C, 1986BL15, 1986ILZZ, 1987AS05; theor.).

3. ³He(d, d)³He E_b = 16.39

In the range E_d = 380 to 570 keV, the scattering cross section is consistent with s-wave formation of the J^π = 3/2⁺ state at 16.66 MeV. The excitation curves for E_d = 1.96 to 10.99 MeV show a broad resonance (Γ > 1 MeV) corresponding to E_x = 20.0 ± 0.5 MeV. From the behavior of the angular distributions an assignment of ²D_3/2 or (²D, ⁴D)_5/2 is favored, if only one state is involved: see (1979AJ01). A phase-shift analysis of the angular distribution and VAP data below 5 MeV suggests several MeV broad states [²P_3/2, ⁴D_7/2, ⁴D_5/2, ⁴D_3/2 and, possibly, ⁴D_1/2]: see (1984AJ01). See also (1987KR18).

Angular distributions and analyzing powers have been measured at many energies to E = 44 MeV: see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01) for the earlier work, (1982COZO, 1983COZR; E_{pol. d} = 10 MeV; TAP; prelim.) and (1987YAZJ; E_d = 29.5 MeV on polarized ³He; prelim.). For d-³He correlations see (1987PO03). See also "Complex reactions" in the ⁵Li "GENERAL" section. See also (1987GR08) and (1981PL1A, 1983ZE06, 1983ZE1B, 1985SH08, 1986BO01, 1986KA28, 1986YA1E, 1987ZE1D; theor.).

4. ³He(t, n)⁵Li Q_m = 10.13

At E(³He) = 14 to 26 MeV ⁵Li*(0, 20.5 ± 0.8) are populated: see (1979AJ01). See also ⁶Li.

5. ³He(³He, p)⁵Li Q_m = 10.89

The spectrum of protons at E(³He) = 3 to 18 MeV shows a pronounced peak corresponding to ⁵Li_g.s. superposed on a continuum: see (1974AJ01). The angular distribution of p₀ has been measured at E(³He) = 26 MeV (1983KI10; polarized target). See also ⁶Be and (1986OS1D; theor.).

6. ⁴He(p, p)⁴He E_b = -1.97

Differential cross sections and polarization measurements have been carried out at many energies: see (1966LA04, 1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01) for the earlier work. Recent measurements are reported at E_{pol. p} = 65 MeV (1986FU05; A_y), 100 MeV (1983NAZV, 1985GUZX; σ(θ), A_y; prelim.) and 495 MeV (1988STZZ; prelim.) and at E_p = 695, 793, 890, 991 MeV (1985VE13; σ(θ)) and 1 GeV (1985AL09; σ(θ)). Cross sections and A_y at E_{pol. p} = 98.7 and 149.3 MeV for the continuum are reported by (1985WE12).

Phase shifts below E_p = 18 MeV have been determined by (1977DO01) based on all the available cross-section and polarization measurements, using an R-matrix analysis program. The P_3/2 phase shift shows a pronounced resonance corresponding to ⁵Li_g.s. while the P_1/2 shift changes slowly over a range of several MeV, suggesting that the first excited state is very broad and located 5 - 10 MeV above the ground state. The reduced widths of the P-wave resonance states are nearly the same. The D_5/2, D_3/2, F_7/2 and F_5/2 phase shifts become greater than 1° at E_p ≈ 11, 13, 14 and 16 MeV, respectively (1977DO01). (1986TH1C; prelim.) have measured A_y for 1.1 ≤ E_{pol. p} ≤ 2.15 MeV: A_y = 1 for E_p = 1.89 MeV, θ_c.m. = 87.0°.

A phase-shift analysis for E_p = 21.8 to 55 MeV is presented by (1978HO17) [see also analyzing-power contour diagram for E_p = 20 to 65 MeV]. A striking anomaly is seen in the analyzing power at E_p = 23 MeV and the ²D_3/2 phase shift clearly shows the 3/2⁺ state at E_x = 16.7 MeV [see also (1979AJ01)]. The other phase shifts ²S_1/2, ²P_3/2, ²P_1/2, ²D_5/2, ²F_7/2, ²F_5/2, ²G_9/2 and ²G_7/2 are smooth functions of energy. Both the ²P_3/2 and ²P_1/2 inelastic parameters show a somewhat anomalous behavior at E_p ≈ 30 MeV; the absorption first increases then decreases to stay rather constant at E_p > 40 MeV. These results are consistent with broad and overlapping states with J^π = 1/2^- and 3/2^- at E_x ≈ 22 MeV. There is very little splitting of the real parts of the F-wave phase shifts up to 40 MeV. There is some indication (from the ²G_7/2 phase shifts) of a 7/2⁺ level around E_p = 29 MeV [E_x ≈ 21 MeV]. The G-waves are necessary to fit the detailed shape of the angular distributions for E_p = 20 to 55 MeV (1978HO17). For a contour diagram of the analyzing power for E_p = 130 to 1800 MeV see (1980MO09). For a measurement of the spin rotation parameter, R, at E_{pol. p} = 500 MeV see (1983MO01). See also (1986SA1J; prelim.; E_{pol. p} = 65 MeV).

PNC effects have been studied via the elastic scattering of 46 MeV longitudinally polarized protons on ⁴He: the longitudinal power A_z = -(3.3 ± 0.9) × 10^-7. This was obtained by measuring σ⁺ and σ^- for the positive and negative helicity of the incident protons (1985LA01, 1986LA29): the conclusion reached by the authors from this, and all other experiments, is that there does not exist any evidence for a non-zero value of f_π, the weak isovector coupling constant. See also (1984AJ01), (1986ADZT) and (1986HA1Q, 1988NA18; theor.).

Work at very high energies (≫ 1 GeV) is reported by (1982AB1B, 1984GL04, 1984SA39, 1985AB1A, 1985BA1H, 1985GL1B, 1986BE1S, 1987OT1D): see also reaction 7 and (1984AJ01). See also (1987MU1B). For α + p correlations see (1987PO03) and the "General" section here.

7. (a) ⁴He(p, d)³He Q_m = -18.35320 E_b = -1.97
(b) ⁴He(p, pn)³He Q_m = -20.57778
(c) ⁴He(p, 2p)³H Q_m = -19.81403
(d) ⁴He(p, pd)²H Q_m = -23.84674

Angular distributions of deuterons and of ³He ions (reaction (a)) have been measured for E_p = 27.9 to 770 MeV and at E_α = 3.98 GeV/c [see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01)] as well as at E_{pol. p} = 100 MeV (1983NAZV; prelim.; also A_y), 200 and 400 MeV (1986AL01; also A_y). Excitation functions are reported at several energies in the range E_p = 38.5 to 44.6 MeV and 200 to 500 MeV. Continuum yields and A_y have been studied at E_{pol. p} = 98.7 and 149.3 MeV by (1985WE12). For polarization measurements to 500 MeV see above and (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01). See also (1988BAZH).

For reactions (b), (c) and (d) see (1974AJ01, 1979AJ01, 1984AJ01). The breakup of ⁴He via reaction (c) has recently been studied by (1986FU05): large values of A_y in the FSI region are reported. For breakup processes at high energies, including pion production, see (1983AN13, 1983MO14, 1984WA1K, 1985BA1H, 1985GL1B, 1986BA2E, 1986BA2M). See also (1983AN18, 1987MUZZ, 1987TEZZ, 1988PA1E), (1983CH1B, 1987MU1B), (1983ZH04, 1984KO1E, 1984LI1B, 1986GO1J, 1987LY1C, 1987MI1N; theor.).

8. ⁴He(pol. p, pol. p)⁴He

Antiproton interactions with ⁴He have been studied by (1984BA60, 1985BA76, 1987BA12, 1987BA47, 1987BA69). See also (1984BA74, 1984FA14; astrophysics) and (1983FA16, 1986DO20, 1987NA23; theor.).

9. (a) ⁴He(d, n)⁵Li Q_m = -4.19
(b) ⁴He(d, np)⁴He Q_m = -2.22459

For reaction (a) see reaction 8 in ⁵He (1985WI15) and (1987KAZL; E_d = 15 MeV; n₀; prelim.). Reaction (b) has been studied at E_d = 12 to 17 MeV and at E_α = 18.0 to 140 MeV: see (1979AJ01, 1984AJ01), ⁶Li and (1985DO03, 1987KUZI; theor.).

10. (a) ⁴He(³He, d)⁵Li Q_m = -7.46
(b) ⁴He(³He, pd)⁴He Q_m = -5.49354

At E_α = 26.3 MeV, ⁵Li_g.s. is reported to have a width of 1.9 ± 0.25 MeV while the first excited state is suggested to lie at E_x = 2.82 ± 0.35 MeV, Γ = 1.64 ± 0.25 MeV [reaction (b)]: see (1982NE09, 1986YA01). See also (1985NEZW).

11. ⁴He(⁷Li, ⁶He)⁵Li Q_m = -11.94

See reaction 9 in ⁵He (1988WO10).

12. ⁶Li(π⁺, p)⁵Li Q_m = 134.69

Differential cross sections have been measured at E_π = 75 and 150 MeV for p₀: see (1984AJ01).

13. (a) ⁶Li(p, d)⁵Li Q_m = -3.44
(b) ⁶Li(p, pd)⁴He Q_m = -1.4750
(c) ⁶Li(p, pn)⁵Li Q_m = -5.66

Angular distributions have been measured at E_p = 18.6 to 185 MeV. At the highest energy, the spectra are characterized by a broad asymmetric peak corresponding to ⁵Li_g.s., a narrow peak [⁵Li*(16.7)] and a broad peak at E_x ≈ 20 MeV. DWBA analysis leads to C²S = 0.64 and 0.57 for ⁵Li*(0, 16.7). The first excited state of ⁵Li is also reported to be populated: see (1984AJ01).

Reaction (b) has been studied at E_p = 9 to 50 MeV: the p-α FSI corresponding to ⁵Li_g.s. is observed [see (1979AJ01)]. See also (1983CA13, 1986NI1B). At 1 GeV (reaction (c)) the separation energy between 4 - 5 MeV broad 1p_3/2 and 1s_1/2 peaks is reported to be 17.7 ± 0.5 MeV (1985BE30, 1985DO16). See also (1985PA03; E_p = 70 MeV).

14. (a) ⁶Li(d, t)⁵Li Q_m = 0.59
(b) ⁶Li(d, pt)⁴He Q_m = 2.5577

Angular distributions of the t₀ group have been measured at E_d = 15 and 20 MeV: see (1974AJ01). Reaction (b) has been studied at E_d = 0.12 to 10.5 MeV: see (1984AJ01). See also ⁸Be.

15. (a) ⁶Li(³He, α)⁵Li Q_m = 14.91
(b) ⁶Li(³He, pα)⁴He Q_m = 16.8782

At E(³He) = 25.5 MeV, ⁵Li*(0, 16.7) and two broad peaks at E_x ≈ 19.8 and 22.7 MeV [Γ_c.m. = 2 and 1 MeV] are populated: see (1979AJ01). At E(³He) = 33.3 MeV angular distributions and analyzing powers have been studied for ⁵Li*(0, 16.7) [Γ ≈ 1.6 and ≈ 0.4 MeV]: see (1984AJ01). In reaction (b) the parameters of the first excited state are deduced to be E_x = 5.0 ± 0.7 MeV, Γ_c.m. = 5.7 ± 0.7 MeV (1984AR17; E(³He) = 1.7 and 2.3 MeV), E_x = 5.8 ± 0.5 MeV, Γ_c.m. = 5.2 ± 0.5 MeV (1987FA1I; E(³He) = 1.65 MeV). Angular distributions of protons from the decay of ⁵Li_g.s. are reported by (1988BU04; E(³He) = 1.5 to 3.5 MeV). See also (1985BA1U, 1987ZA07), (1984AJ01) and ⁸Be.

16. ⁶Li(⁶Li, ⁷Li)⁵Li Q_m = 1.58

Angular distributions have been measured at E(⁶Li) = 156 MeV to ⁵Li_g.s.. Unresolved states at E_x = 16 - 20 MeV are also populated (1987MI34).

17. ⁶Li(¹³C, ¹⁴C)⁵Li Q_m = 2.51

See reaction 9 in ⁵He (1988WO10).

18. (a) ⁷Li(p, t)⁵Li Q_m = -4.43
(b) ⁷Li(p, nd)⁵Li Q_m = -10.69

At E_p = 43.7 MeV, a triton group is observed to ⁵Li(0) (Γ = 1.55 ± 0.15 MeV): the angular distribution is consistent with a substantial mixing of L = 0 and 2 transfer. There is some evidence also for a very broad excited state between E_x = 2 and 5 MeV. ⁵Li*(16.7, 20.0) were not observed. The formation of ⁵Li*(16.7)(⁴S_3/2) would be S-forbidden: the absence of ⁵Li*(20.0) would indicate that this state(s) is also of quartet character [see reaction 20 in ⁵He]. Weak, broad states at E_x = 22.0 ± 0.5 MeV and 25.0 ± 0.5 MeV and possibly 34 MeV are reported in a coincidence experiment in which three- and four-particle breakup was analyzed: see (1979AJ01). See also (1988BAZH). For reaction (b) at E_p = 670 MeV see (1984AJ01). See also (1985NEZW; theor.).

19. ⁷Li(³He, dt)⁵Li Q_m = -9.93

A kinematically complete experiment is reported at E(³He) = 120 MeV. The missing mass spectrum shows the ground-state peak and a 4 MeV wide bump at E_x ≈ 34 MeV, and some slight indication of a small bump at 22.0 ± 0.5 MeV (1985FR01).

20. ⁷Li(⁶Li, ⁸Li)⁵Li Q_m = -3.63

See (1984KO25).

21. ⁹Be(α, ⁸Li)⁵Li Q_m = -18.85

At E_α = 90 MeV differential cross sections have been measured for the transitions to ⁵Li_g.s. + ⁸Li_g.s.: see (1984AJ01).

22. ¹⁰B(d, ⁷Li)⁵Li Q_m = -1.40

An angular distribution is reported at E_d = 13.6 MeV (1983DO10). See also (1984SH1E; theor.).

23. ¹⁰B(³He, 2α)⁵Li Q_m = 10.45

At E(³He) = 2.3 and 5.0 MeV the reaction is reported to proceed via ⁹B*(4.9) to ⁵Li_g.s. (1986AR14). See also (1988AR05) and ⁹B.