A=19F (1995TI07)

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¹⁹F (1995TI07)

(See Energy Level Diagrams for ¹⁹F)

GENERAL: See 3 [Electromagnetic Transitions in A = 18-19] (in PDF or PS), 19.8 [General Table] (in PDF or PS), 19.9 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS) and 19.10 [Radiative decays in ¹⁹Ne] (in PDF or PS).

< r² >^1/2 = 2.885 ± 0.015 fm [see (1978AJ03)]
μ_g.s. = +2.628866 (8) nm (1978LEZA)
μ_0.197 = +3.607 (8) nm (1978LEZA)
Q_0.197 = -0.12 ± 0.02 b (1978LEZA)

1. ¹⁰B(⁹Be, X)

Mass distribution from the sequential decay of the compound nuclei formed from ¹⁰B + ⁹Be and ¹⁰B + ¹⁰B at E_lab/A = 11 MeV were measured by (1993SZ02). It was determined that the hot composite systems as light as ¹⁹F and ²⁰Ne can behave like liquid droplets with no remnant shell effects.

2. ¹²C(⁷Li, ⁷Li')¹²C E_b = 16.395

Vector analyzing power measurements for the elastic scattering have been reported at E(⁷Li) = 21.1 MeV (1984MO06). Fusion cross sections have been measured by (1982DE30). For other channels in the interaction of ¹²C + ⁷Li see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02) for earlier work. More recently, neutron yield spectra for 40 MeV ⁷Li on ¹²C were measured by (1987SC11). The ¹²C(⁷Li, ⁷Be)¹²B reaction was studied at projectile energies of 14, 21, and 26 MeV/A by (1990NA24). Measurements and analysis of elastic breakup of 54 MeV ⁷Li on ¹²C are discussed in (1992GA03). See also the coupled-channels investigation of the effects of projectile breakup and target excitations in the scattering of polarized ⁷Li by ¹²C at E_lab = 21 MeV by (1988SA10). An evaluation of hypernuclear production cross-section by projectile fragmentation in ⁷Li + ¹²C at 3.0 GeV/A is presented in (1989BA92).

3. ¹²C(⁹Be, d)¹⁹F Q_m = -0.301

For excitation curves and angular distributions involving unresolved states and ¹⁹F*(2.78) see (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02).

4. (a) ¹²C(¹¹B, α)¹⁹F Q_m = 7.730
(b) ¹²C(¹²C, αp)¹⁹F Q_m = -8.227
(c) ¹²C(¹⁴N, ⁷Be)¹⁹F Q_m = 11.420

States in ¹⁹F with 4.3 < E_x < 11.0 MeV were observed in reaction (a) by (1989PR01) and are displayed in 19.12 (in PDF or PS).

For reaction (b) see (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02). See also (1988MA07).

5. (a) ¹³C(⁶Li, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 6.998 E_b = 18.698
(b) ¹³C(⁶Li, α)¹⁵N Q_m = 14.684
(c) ¹³C(⁶Li, ⁶Li')¹³C
(d) ¹³C(⁶Li, p)¹⁸O

Uncorrelated structures have been observed in the excitation functions for reactions (a) and (b). Angular distributions have been measured for reaction (d) at E(⁶Li) = 28 MeV (1988SM01). See also ¹⁸O in the present review and see ¹³C and ¹⁵N in (1991AJ01). Fusion cross sections have also been measured.

6. ¹³C(¹⁰B, α)¹⁹F Q_m = 14.238

Cross sections were measured for E(¹⁰B) = 17.16 - 31.32 MeV at θ_lab = 14.3° - 41.6° (1988MA07). Several excited states in ¹⁹F were studied. A fluctuation and resonance analysis was carried out.

7. ¹³C(⁹Be, t)¹⁹F Q_m = 1.010

See (1983AJ01).

8. (a) ¹⁴N(⁷Li, d)¹⁹F Q_m = 6.122
(b) ¹⁴N(¹²C,⁷Be)¹⁹F Q_m = -11.420
(c) ¹⁴N(¹⁴N, 2αp)¹⁹F Q_m = -4.926

See (1987AJ02).

9. ¹⁵N(α, γ)¹⁹F Q_m = 4.014

Resonances in the yield of γ-rays are observed below E_α = 8.1 MeV (E_x = 10.4 MeV): the parameters for these are displayed in 19.13 (in PDF or PS). Branching ratios are shown in 19.10 (in PDF or PS) and τ_m measurements in 19.11 (in PDF or PS). The J^π values shown in 19.13 (in PDF or PS) are based on correlation and angular distribution measurements and on branching ratio determinations. In work reported since the previous review (1987AJ02), measurements were made by (1987MA31) for the resonance at E_x = 4.550 or 4.556 MeV. Widths of nine states between E_x = 8.288 and 10.411 MeV were measured by (1988HE03). These new results are included in 19.13 (in PDF or PS). See also the study by (1989GA06) of the T = 3/2 levels at E_x = 7.538, 7.660, 9.927 MeV.

The discussion in (1987AJ02) notes that the ¹⁹F levels involved in cascade decay are at E_x = 3999.6 ± 1.2, 4031.9 ± 0.4, 4377 ± 1 and 4548 ± 2 keV. The K^π = 1/2^- band involves ¹⁹F*(0.110[1/2^-], 1.46[3/2^-], 1.35[5/2^-], 4.00[7/2^-], 4.03[9/2^-], 7.16[11/2^-]) and possibly ¹⁹F*(8.29)[13/2^-] [J^π in brackets]. See, however, reaction 11. See (1972AJ02) for a discussion of the evidence for other assignments of J^π and K^π. ¹⁹F*(10.41) is likely to be the second 13/2⁺ (2s, 1d)³ state in ¹⁹F. For references see (1983AJ01). See also the comment (1985DI16) and reply (1985MO20) on negative-parity alpha cluster states in ¹⁹F.

10. (a) ¹⁵N(α, p)¹⁸O Q_m = -3.980 E_b = 4.014
(b) ¹⁵N(α, α')¹⁵N

Resonances observed in the (α, α'γ) and (α, pγ) reactions and in the elastic scattering are displayed in 19.14 (in PDF or PS). See also (1985OH04).

In work reported since the previous review (1987AJ02), nine states in ¹⁹F between E_x = 8.288 and 10.411 MeV were studied by (1988HE03). Alpha widths were measured. T = 3/2 levels at E_x = 7.538, 7.660 and 9.927 MeV were studied by (1989GA06). These results are included in 19.14 (in PDF or PS).

In related work, optical potentials for ¹⁵N + α were extracted for E_α = 0 - 150 MeV (1993AB02) and alpha particle strength functions were obtained from resonance parameters by (1988LE05). See also the tables of thermonuclear reaction rates (1985CA41, 1988CA26). Cross sections for α scattering on light nuclei for ion beam analysis are presented in (1991LE33).

11. ¹⁵N(⁶Li, d)¹⁹F Q_m = 2.539

At E(⁶Li) = 22 MeV angular distributions are reported to ¹⁹F*(0.11, 1.35[u], 1.46, 4.0[u], 8.29[u]). Comparisons are made with the results from the ¹⁶O(⁶Li, d)²⁰Ne reaction, in an attempt to determine whether ¹⁹F*(8.95) is the 11/2^- member of the K^π = 1/2^- band, of which ¹⁹F*(8.29) is the 13/2^- member (1984MO08, 1985DI16, 1985MO20). Configuration mixing appears to be involved in the 11/2^- states [¹⁹F*(7.17, 8.95, 9.87)] and in the 7/2^- states [¹⁹F*(4.00, 5.42)] to which they decay (1987FO03).

12. ¹⁵N(⁷Li, t)¹⁹F Q_m = 1.547

This reaction has been studied at E(⁷Li) = 40 MeV: see 19.11 (in PDF or PS) in (1983AJ01).

13. ¹⁵N(¹¹B, ⁷Li)¹⁹F Q_m = -4.651

See (1983AJ01).

14. ¹⁵N(¹³C, ⁹Be)¹⁹F Q_m = -6.634

Groups are reported at E(¹³C) = 105 MeV leading to states which are generally unresolved; J^π assignments are suggested: see (1983AJ01).

15. (a) ¹⁶O(t, γ)¹⁹F Q_m = 11.700
(b) ¹⁶O(t, n)¹⁸F Q_m = 1.269 E_b = 11.700
(c) ¹⁶O(t, p)¹⁸O Q_m = 3.706
(d) ¹⁶O(t, t')¹⁶O
(e) ¹⁶O(t, α)¹⁵N Q_m = 7.686

For reaction (a) see (1978AJ03). The excitation function for reaction (b) has been measured for E_t = 0.3 to 3.7 MeV: there is evidence for a maximum at E_t = 2.5 MeV. For resonances in the yields of p₀, p₁, α₀, α₁₊₂ see (1978AJ03). The elastic yield [reaction (d)] shows a large number of resonances; their parameters are displayed in 19.15 (in PDF or PS). See also (1987AJ02).

More recently, double differential neutron yields for reaction (b) at E_x = 20 MeV were reported in (1993DR03, 1993DR04). An analysis of reaction (d) by a quasi-resonating-group method is described in (1987ZH13). A study of the isospin dependence of the A = 3 isospin potential using reaction (d) for E_x = 33 MeV is discussed in (1987EN06). See also (1986AI04).

16. (a) ¹⁶O(³He, p)¹⁸F Q_m = 2.032
(b) ¹⁶O(³He, α)¹⁵O E_b = 4.914

The use of reaction (a) in an ¹⁸F production technique with natural water is described in (1991SU17). An ion beam technique for oxygen analysis using reaction (b) is discussed in (1992CO08).

17. ¹⁶O(α, p)¹⁹F Q_m = -8.114

Angular distributions have been measured at E_α = 20.1 to 40 MeV: see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02). States observed in this reaction are displayed in 19.12 (in PDF or PS) of (1978AJ03). See also the shell-model study of nuclear form factors in (1987LE15). An application of a perturbed angular correlation measurement to the study of high temperature superconducting oxides is described in (1990KOZG).

18. ¹⁶O(⁶Li, ³He)¹⁹F Q_m = -4.095

This reaction (and its mirror reaction ¹⁶O(⁶Li, t)¹⁹Ne [see ¹⁹Ne, reaction 5]) have been studied at E(⁶Li) = 24 and 46 MeV: see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01). Members of the K^π = 1/2⁺ and 1/2^- rotational bands have been identified: see 19.16 (in PDF or PS). Other groups, mainly to unresolved states, have also been observed. A recent measurement to determine the structure of ¹⁹F between E_x = 5.5 - 7.5 MeV was reported in (1992ROZZ).

19. ¹⁶O(⁷Li, α)¹⁹F Q_m = 9.233

Many states have been populated in this reaction: see 19.14 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03) and (1984MO28; E(⁷Li) = 20 MeV). Angular distributions in the latter work have been analyzed via Hauser-Feshbach compound nucleus calculations and FRDWBA. The K^π = 1/2⁺ and 1/2^- states [see 19.16 (in PDF or PS)] are discussed in (1984MO28).

More recently a discussion of the theory of cluster-stripping reactions was presented in (1990OS03). Differential cross sections were calculated with the exact finite-range distorted wave Born approximation (1991OS04).

20. ¹⁶O(¹⁰B, ⁷Be)¹⁹F Q_m = -6.969

See reaction 6 in ¹⁹Ne. See also (1983AJ01).

21. ¹⁶O(¹¹B, ⁸Be)¹⁹F Q_m = 0.477

See (1978AJ03).

22. (a) ¹⁶O(¹²C, ⁹B)¹⁹F Q_m = -15.666
(b) ¹⁶O(¹³C, ¹⁰B)¹⁹F Q_m = -12.176

See (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02).

23. ¹⁷O(d, t)¹⁶O Q_m = 2.114 E_b = 13.814

For early polarization measurements see (1983AJ01). More recently differential cross sections and analyzing powers were measured for E_d = 89 MeV (1990SA27). See ¹⁶O, reaction 67 in (1993TI07). For other channels see (1978AJ03).

24. ¹⁷O(³He, p)¹⁹F Q_m = 8.320

States studied in this reaction at E(³He) = 18 MeV are displayed in 19.14 (in PDF or PS) of (1983AJ01). A study involving states with E_x ≤ 7 MeV was reported by (1986SE08).

25. ¹⁷O(α, d)¹⁹F Q_m = -10.033

At E_α = 47.5 MeV angular distributions have been studied for deuterons leading to the 1/2⁺, 5/2⁺, 3/2⁺, 9/2⁺, 13/2⁺ and 7/2⁺ members of the K = 1/2⁺ band [¹⁹F*(0, 0.197, 1.55, 2.78, 4.65, 5.47)], to two 11/2⁺ states ¹⁹F*(6.49, 7.94) [both of which are strongly populated] and to the 7/2⁺ state at 4.38 MeV. The reaction populates strongly only those positive-parity states that are predominantly (sd)³: see (1983AJ01).

26. ¹⁸O(p, γ)¹⁹F Q_m = 7.994

This reaction was studied for E_p = 80 to 2200 keV by (1980WI17). A large number of resonances have been investigated and E_res, total and partial widths, branching and mixing ratios and ωγ values are reported. Transition strength arguments as well as analyses of γ-ray angular distribution data lead to J^π assignments: see 19.10 (in PDF or PS), 19.17 (in PDF or PS), and 19.18 (in PDF or PS) for a display of the results. More recently measurements were made for E_p < 0.22 MeV by (1990VO06), and the results are included in 19.18 (in PDF or PS).

Absolute cross sections measured for direct capture lead to C²S values for a number of states of ¹⁹F. Reduced widths and J^π determinations led (1980WI17) to postulate ¹⁹F*(3.91, 4.55, 4.38, 6.59, 6.50, 10.43) as the J^π = 3/2⁺, 5/2⁺, 7/2⁺, 9/2⁺, 11/2⁺, 13/2⁺ states of the K^π = 3/2⁺ rotational band; ¹⁹F*(7.70 or 7.26, 6.09, 9.82, 6.93, 9.87) as the J^π = 1/2^-, 3/2^-, 5/2^-, 7/2^- and 11/2^- members of the excited K^π = 1/2^- rotational band; and ¹⁹F*(4.56, 4.68, 5.42, 6.10, 7.17) as the J^π = 3/2^-, 5/2^-, 7/2^-, 9/2^- and 11/2^- members of the K^π = 3/2^- rotational band. Evidence suggesting the presence of isospin mixing in the 5/2⁺, first T = 3/2 state in ¹⁹F at 7.54 MeV has been pointed out (1980WI17). See also 19.9 (in PDF or PS).

Stellar reaction rates have also been calculated: the data cover T₉ = 0.01 - 5.0. The consequences for the final termination of the CNO tri-cycle are discussed by (1980WI17). See also (1987AJ02). See also the more recent tables of thermonuclear reaction rates in (1983HA1B, 1985CA41, 1988CA26).

27. ¹⁸O(p, n)¹⁸F Q_m = -2.437 E_b = 7.994

Yield measurements are reported from E_p = 2.5 to 13.5 MeV [see (1978AJ03) for the references]. The observed resonances are displayed in 19.19 (in PDF or PS). Measurements of spin observables for this reaction with polarized protons at E_p = 135 MeV were reported by (1989WAZZ). Total cross sections for production of ¹⁸F for E_p < 30 MeV were measured by (1990WA10). A cryogenic ¹⁸O target technique is discussed in (1993FI08). See also (1986AI04).

28. ¹⁸O(p, p')¹⁸O E_b = 7.994

Scattering studies have been carried out for E_p = 0.6 to 16.3 MeV and for E_p = 6.1 to 16.6 MeV: see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02). Pronounced resonant structure is evident up to 14 MeV. Observed resonances are shown in 19.20 (in PDF or PS). For polarization measurements see (1982GL08; E_p = 800 MeV). See also (1987AJ02) and (1989PLZV).

Coupled-channel analyses of cross section and analyzing power data for E_p = 398 - 697 MeV were carried out by (1988DE31). A Dirac optical model analysis for E_p = 800 MeV was reported by (1990PH02).

29. ¹⁸O(p, t)¹⁶O Q_m = -3.706 E_b = 7.994

For polarization measurements at E_p = 90 MeV see (1986VO10) and see (1978AJ03). See also the tables of astrophysical reaction rates (1983HA1B, 1985CA41) and a study of the effect of electron screening on low energy fusion cross sections (1987AS05).

30. ¹⁸O(p, α)¹⁵N Q_m = 3.980 E_b = 7.994

Yield measurements have been studied for E_p = 72 keV to 14 MeV: see (1972AJ02, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02): observed resonances are displayed in 19.20 (in PDF or PS). Use of the resonance at E_p = 150 keV for ¹⁸O depth profiling is discussed in (1991BA54).

31. ¹⁸O(d, n)¹⁹F Q_m = 5.770

Angular distributions of neutron groups corresponding to ¹⁹F states with E_x < 8.2 MeV have been measured at E_d = 3 and 4 MeV: see 19.18 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03) and 19.21 (in PDF or PS) here. See also the E_d = 25 MeV measurements of (1992TEZY).

32. ¹⁸O(³He, d)¹⁹F Q_m = 2.500

Angular distributions of the deuterons corresponding to many states of ¹⁹F have been analyzed by DWBA: the results are shown in 19.21 (in PDF or PS). Spectroscopic factors for population of J^π = 1/2⁺, 5/2⁺, 3/2⁺ levels at E_x = 0, 0.199, 1.554 MeV by (³He, d) at E(³He = 25 MeV have been deduced by (1994VE04). The spectroscopic factors obtained for ¹⁹F*(7.54, 8.80), the T = 3/2, J^π = 5/2⁺ and 1/2⁺ analogs of ¹⁹O*(0, 1.47) are in good agreement with those obtained for the ¹⁹O states in the ¹⁸O(d, p)¹⁹O reaction: see (1978AJ03). A search for a state at E_x = 7.90 MeV [just below the ¹⁸O + p threshold, and of astrophysical interest] has been unsuccessful: θ²_p < 5 × 10^-5 (1986CH29). See also (1987AJ02).

33. ¹⁸O(α, t)¹⁹F Q_m = -11.820

Cross sections were measured at E_α = 65 MeV and analyzed with DWBA (1992YA08). Spin-parity and isospin assignments were proposed. Spectroscopic factors were obtained and compared with shell-model calculations. See 19.22 (in PDF or PS).

34. ¹⁹O(β^-)¹⁹F Q_m = 4.819

The decay is primarily by allowed transitions to ¹⁹F*(0.197, 1.55), J^π = 5/2⁺, 3/2⁺. Very weak branches are also observed to ¹⁹F*(0.11, 1.35, 3.91, 4.39), J^π = 1/2^-, 5/2^-, 3/2⁺, 7/2⁺: see 19.23 (in PDF or PS). The half-life is 26.96 ± 0.07 s: see reaction 1 in ¹⁹O. The character of the allowed decay to the 5/2⁺ and 3/2⁺ states and the forbiddenness of the decay to the ground state of ¹⁹F are consistent with J^π = 5/2⁺ for the ground state of ¹⁹O, and with (7/2⁺) for ¹⁹F*(4.39). Gamma-ray branching ratios are displayed in 19.24 (in PDF or PS). See also (1983AJ01, 1985BR29).

35. ¹⁹F(γ, n)¹⁸F Q_m = -10.431

The cross section for (γ, Tn) has been measured for E_γ = 10.5 to 28 MeV: it shows a clear resonance at E_γ ≈ 12 MeV and unresolved structures at higher energies: see (1978AJ03). More recently, photoneutron angular distributions were measured by (1989KU10) for E_γ = 15 - 25 MeV. E1 absorption strengths were deduced. An atlas of photoneutron cross sections is presented in (1988DI02). See also (1972AJ02, 1987AJ02). A model for describing relative (γ, n) and (γ, p) yields is discussed in (1986IS09).

36. (a) ¹⁹F(γ, p)¹⁸O Q_m = -7.994
(b) ¹⁹F(γ, t)¹⁶O Q_m = -11.700

(1984KE04) have measured absolute differential cross sections for the p₀ and p₁ channels at 7 angles for E_γ = 13.4 to 25.8 MeV. Angle integrated cross sections for (γ, p₀) show pronounced structures at E_γ = 15.45, 16.70, 17.35, and 18.55 MeV as well as a broad bump at ≈ 20.5 MeV. Additional minor structures may exist at E_γ = 13.65, 14.35, 15.85, 17.90, 19.5, 21.3, 22.2, and 23.5 MeV. In the (γ, p₁) reaction broad bumps appear at ≈ (17.0) and 21.5 MeV. The E2 cross section [from (γ, p₀) angular distribution coefficients] is estimated to be ≈ 0.37 of the E2 EWSR (1984KE04). The (γ, p_tot) cross section to 26 MeV has been derived by (1985KE03). See also (1978AJ03). A model for describing relative (γ, p) and (γ, n) yields is discussed in (1986IS09).

In reaction (b) the (γ, t₀) reaction has been studied for E_γ = 18 to 23 MeV: two peaks are observed at E_γ = 18.8 and 20.1 MeV. It is suggested that J^π = 1/2^- or 3/2^-, T = 1/2. The (γ, t₀) process contributes ≈ 1% to the total GDR strength: see (1978AJ03).

37. ¹⁹F(γ, γ)¹⁹F

The energy of the first excited state is 109.894 ± 0.005 keV; its width is (5.1 ± 0.7) × 10^-7 eV. ¹⁹F*(1.46, 3.91, 7.66) are also excited. The scattering cross section is relatively small and structureless for E_γ = 14 to 30 MeV: see (1978AJ03).

38. ¹⁹F(μ^-, ν)

The time spectrum of gamma rays following muonic capture reactions on the ¹⁹F muonic atom was measured by (1993GO09). The hyperfine transition rates of muonic ¹⁹F atoms were determined from these measurements. The hyperfine dependence of muon capture is related to the weak axial and pseudoscalar coupling in the nuclear medium.

39. ¹⁹F(e, e')¹⁹F

With E_e = 78 to 340 MeV, most states of ¹⁹F below E_x = 7.7 MeV have been observed with an energy resolution of 25 - 50 keV. Longitudinal and transverse form factors have been derived and compared with shell-model calculations. The spectrum of positive-parity longitudinal excitations is dominated at higher momentum transfer by the 1/2⁺, 3/2⁺, 5/2⁺, 7/2⁺ and 9/2⁺ members of the ground state K^π = 1/2⁺ band. The C2 strength is concentrated at E_x < 1.5 MeV with a small secondary concentration for 5.5 < E_x < 6.5 MeV. The C4 strength is spread from 3 to 6 MeV, predominantly in ¹⁹F*(2.78) [J^π = 9/2⁺]. The spectra of longitudinal excitations of negative parity states are dominated by ¹⁹F*(1.35) [J^π = 5/2^-] and ¹⁹F*(5.5) [5/2^- + 7/2^-]. In the transverse mode ¹⁹F*(0.11, 6.79) [J^π = 1/2^-, 3/2^-, respectively] are prominent. Agreement with theory is good for 5/2^- and 7/2^- but poorer for 1/2^- and 3/2^- states. The parity of ¹⁹F*(5.34) is uncertain while that of ¹⁹F*(6.55) is probably positive. States are reported at 7.587 and 7.753 MeV with J^π = (5/2^-) and (7/2^-), respectively (1985BR15). The form factors for ¹⁹F*(0, 0.11, 2.78) have also been studied by (1986DO10) for q = 0.4 - 2.8 fm^-1. Cross section measurements for ¹⁹F states with E_x ≤ 4.4 MeV performed with E_e = 500 MeV and momentum transfer q = 1.4 - 2.6 fm^-1 were reported by (1987DO10). Form factors were compared with shell model calculations. For electromagnetic transition rates see 19.25 (in PDF or PS). For the earlier work see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01, 1987AJ02). See also (1988BR1D).

40. ¹⁹F(n, γ)²⁰F Q_m = 6.601

Capture gamma rays were measured from broad neutron resonances in ¹⁹F (1991IG1A). Strong primary M1 transitions to low-lying ²⁰F states were observed.

41. (a) ¹⁹F(n, n')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(n, 2n)¹⁸F Q_m = Q_m = -10.431
(c) ¹⁹F(n, p)¹⁹O Q_m = Q_m = -4.037
(d) ¹⁹F(n, np)¹⁸O Q_m = Q_m = -7.994
(e) ¹⁹F(n, d)¹⁸O Q_m = Q_m = -5.770
(f) ¹⁹F(n, α)¹⁶N Q_m = Q_m = -1.523

Angular distributions of neutron groups from elastic and inelastic scattering have been reported at E_n = 2.6, 14.1 and 14.2 MeV: see (1972AJ02). Neutron activation cross sections for reactions (b, c, d, f) were measured for E_n = 13.4 - 14.9 MeV by (1992KA1G). Reaction (e) is included in a review of (n, d) reactions for E_n = 14 - 15 MeV by (1993AT04). Nuclear model codes are used to calculate neutron induced reactions on ¹⁹F for E_n = 2 - 20 MeV by (1992ZH15). See also (1989HO1H).

42. (a) ¹⁹F(p, p')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(p, X)

19.21 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03) displays energy levels of ¹⁹F derived from inelastic proton scattering. Angular distributions of various proton groups have been measured from E_p = 4.3 to 35.2 MeV [see (1978AJ03, 1983AJ01)] and at E_p = 2.76 and 2.97 MeV (1986OU01). The ground-state rotational band is characterized by β₂ = 0.44 ± 0.04, β₄ = 0.14 ± 0.04. The gyromagnetic ratio of ¹⁹F*(0.197) is g = 1.442 ± 0.003 (1969BL18), 1.438 ± 0.005 (1984AS03). The mixing ratio for the 1.46 → 0.11 transition (3/2^- → 1/2^-; K = 1/2^- band) δ(E2/M1) = 0.248 ± 0.020. The E2 strength is 18.7 ± 1.9 W.u. The 1.46 → 0 transition is pure E1 (δ = 0.01 ± 0.03). For references see (1983AJ01). See also ²⁰Ne in (1987AJ02). A study of Coulomb excitation by protons and antiprotons is discussed in (1993PI10). A discussion of the need for (p, p) cross-section data in thin-film analyses by Rutherford backscattering is presented in (1993BO40).

Experimental and theoretical studies of nucleon and cluster knockout by E_p = 30 - 150 MeV protons are reviewed in (1987VD1A). See also (1988BA83). The reactions ¹⁹F(p, p'γ) and ¹⁹F(p, αγ) were used in a study of proton-induced gamma ray emission spectroscopy to determine flourine concentration in materials by (1992ZS01).

43. ¹⁹F(p, αγ)¹⁶O Q_m = 8.114

This reaction is discussed in detail under ²⁰Ne in (1987AJ02); resonances are displayed in 20.23 (in PDF or PS), 20.24 (in PDF or PS), and 20.25 (in PDF or PS) in (1987AJ02). A recent measurement of the excitation function for E_p = 0.3 - 3.0 MeV is reported in (1993DA23). The absolute yield, angular distribution, and resonance width of photons from the 340.5 keV resonance was measured by (1991CR06). Tests of a new standard for flourine determination utilizing this reaction are described in (1992ZS01). See also the related work of (1994TA1B). An accelerator calibration procedure utilizing ¹⁹F(p, αγ) is discussed in (1993LA1E). See also (1994BB10). A DWBA analysis for energies below the Coulomb barrier is presented in (1991HE16).

44. ¹⁹F(d, p)²⁰F Q_m = 4.377

This reaction is discussed under ²⁰F in (1987AJ02). A recent measurement of the ²⁰F half-life utilizing this reaction was reported in (1992WA04).

45. ¹⁹F(d, d')¹⁹F

Angular distributions have been measured for E_d = 2.0 to 15 MeV: see (1972AJ02, 1978AJ03).

46. ¹⁹F(t, t')¹⁹F

Elastic angular distributions have been studied for E_t = 2 and 7.2 MeV: see (1972AJ02). More recently, differential cross sections were measured at E_t = 33 MeV and analyzed with a phenomenological optical model (1987EN06).

47. ¹⁹F(t, ³He)¹⁹O Q_m = -4.800

See reaction 12 of ¹⁹O.

48. ¹⁹F(³He, ³He')¹⁹F

Elastic angular distributions have been measured for E(³He) = 4.0 to 29 MeV [see (1972AJ02, 1978AJ03)] and at 25 MeV (1982VE13). < r² > ^1/2_matter = 2.72 ± 0.12 fm (1982VE13). A strong-absorption model analysis for E(³He) = 25 and 41 MeV is presented in (1987RA36).

49. ¹⁹F(α, α')¹⁹F

Elastic angular distributions have been studied at E_α = 19.9 to 23.3 MeV and at 38 MeV: see (1972AJ02) and more recently at 50 MeV (1991FR02). Many inelastic groups have also been studied: see 19.22 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03). Differential cross sections for ¹⁹F levels at E_x = 0.20, 1.55, and 2.78 MeV were measured at E_α = 50 MeV by (1991FR02) and analyzed in a coupled-channels approach. See also (1988LE05) in which the alpha-particle strength function distribution for targets with 12 ≤ A ≤ 40 is discussed.

The energy of the γ-ray from the 1.35 → 0.11 transition is 1235.8 ± 0.2 keV; E_x is then 1345.7 ± 0.2 keV. |g| = 0.269 ± 0.043 (1983BI03). See also 19.10 (in PDF or PS). For τ_m see 19.11 (in PDF or PS). ¹⁹F*(4.65) decays to the 9/2⁺ state ¹⁹F*(2.78): the angular distribution of the cascade γ-rays and τ_m for ¹⁹F*(4.65) indicate J^π = 13/2⁺. See also (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02).

50. (a) ¹⁹F(⁶Li, ⁶Li')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(⁷Li, ⁷Li')¹⁹F

See (1978AJ03).

51. (a) ¹⁹F(¹²C, ¹²C')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(¹²C, ¹²C')¹⁹F* → α + ¹⁵N Q_m = -4.014

Angular distributions (reaction (a)) have been studied at E(¹²C) = 40.6 MeV [see (1983AJ01)] and at 30.0 to 60.1 MeV [as well as at E(¹⁹F) = 63.8 MeV] (1984TA08, 1986TAZO; to ¹⁹F*(0, 0.197, 1.55, 2.78)) and at E(¹⁹F) = 46.5 to 57.1 MeV (1984MA32; to ¹⁹F*(0, 0.197)) [see (1984MA32, 1986VO12) for yield measurements] and at E(¹²C) = 30, 40, 50, 60 MeV (1988TA12) to ¹⁹F*(0.197, 1.554, 2.780 MeV). Measurements of evaporation residues at E(¹⁹F) = 32 - 72 MeV were reported in (1990AN14). See also (1990XE01).

Angular correlations involving the α-decay to ¹⁵N_g.s. of twenty ¹⁹F states have been measured at E(¹⁹F) = 78.5, 82 and 144 MeV and analyzed with DWBA and strong absorption model calculations. Two new states with J^π = 5/2^- or 7/2^- are reported at 7.740 and 8.277 MeV [estimated ± 0.04 MeV]. It is suggested that ¹⁹F*(7.26, 9.287) are 3/2⁺ and (7/2, 9/2)⁺, respectively (1985SM04, 1987AJ02). See also (1983AJ01), and see the more recent application of molecular orbital theory to heavy ion scattering in (1988DI08).

52. (a) ¹⁹F(¹⁴N, ¹⁴N')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(¹⁵N, ¹⁵N')¹⁹F

Elastic scattering angular distributions have been studied at E(¹⁴N) = 19.5 MeV and at E(¹⁵N) = 23, 26, and 29 MeV: see (1983AJ01). See also the analysis of (1989HO1H).

53. (a) ¹⁹F(¹⁶O, ¹⁶O')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(¹⁸O, ¹⁸O')¹⁹F

Elastic angular distributions have been studied at E(¹⁶O) = 21.4 and 25.8 MeV and at E(¹⁹F) = 27, 30, 33, and 36 MeV (reaction (a)) [also to ¹⁹F*(1.46) at the two higher energies], and E(¹⁶O) = 60 and 80 MeV (1986FUZV; also to ¹⁹F*(0.20, 1.55, 2.78)). See also the measurements of evaporation residue at E(¹⁹F) = 32 - 72 MeV reported in (1989AN1D, 1990AN14). For reaction (b) at E(¹⁸O) = 27, 30, 33 MeV, see (1978AJ03) and at E(¹⁸O) = 10 - 16 MeV, see (1990XE01). See also (1987AJ02).

54. ¹⁹F(²³Na, ²³Na')¹⁹F

See (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02).

55. ¹⁹F(²⁴Mg, ²⁴Mg')¹⁹F

See (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02). A dynamical model analysis of deep inelastic interaction is reported in (1989BR14).

56. (a) ¹⁹F(²⁷Al, ²⁷Al')¹⁹F
(b) ¹⁹F(²⁸Si, ²⁸Si')¹⁹F
(c) ¹⁹F(³⁰Si, ³⁰Si')¹⁹F

See (1983AJ01, 1987AJ02). Evaporation residues were measured for reaction (a) with E_lab(¹⁹F) = 32 - 72 MeV and are reported in (1989AN1D, 1990AN14). See also (1989NI1D).

57. ¹⁹F(⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁰Ca')¹⁹F

For fusion cross sections see (1985RO01). See also (1987AJ02). Measurements of evaporation residue for E_lab(¹⁹F) = 32 - 72 MeV are reported in (1989AN1D, 1990AN14). A parametrization of measured fusion-evaporation residue excitation functions is described in (1988DO07). See also the comment (1989FR05) on this work and the reply (1989DO03). See also (1990SC18).

58. ¹⁹Ne(β⁺)¹⁹F Q_m = 3.238

See reaction 1 of ¹⁹Ne.

59. ²⁰Ne(d, ³He)¹⁹F Q_m = -7.350

See (1978AJ03).

60. ²⁰Ne(t, α)¹⁹F Q_m = 6.970

See 19.23 (in PDF or PS) in (1978AJ03).

61. ²¹Ne(p, ³He)¹⁹F Q_m = -11.887

³He groups are observed at E_p = 45 MeV leading to some T = 1/2 states in ¹⁹F and to ¹⁹F*(7.66), the 3/2⁺; T = 3/2 analog of ¹⁹O*(0.095): see reaction 14 in ¹⁹Ne and (1978AJ03).

62. ²²Ne(p, α)¹⁹F Q_m = -1.673

The parity violating asymmetry of the 110 keV γ-rays emitted by polarized ¹⁹F* nuclei is A_γ = -(6.8 ± 2.1) × 10^-5 (1982EL08, 1987EL03). See also (1978AJ03).

63. ²²Na(n, α)¹⁹F Q_m = 1.951

Cross sections have been measured at thermal energies and reported in (1988KO25, 1989KO16). See also (1988CA26).

64. ²³Na(n, nα)¹⁹F Q_m = -10.468

An evaporation-model calculation of the cross section for this reaction at E_n = 12.6 - 19.9 MeV was reported in (1991ZH19). See also (1978AJ03).

65. ²³Na(d, ⁶Li)¹⁹F Q_m = -8.993

See (1984NE1A).