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GENERAL: See also Table 16.1 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS).

Theory: See (1954FL1A, 1956KA1C, 1957EL1B).

1. 16N(β-)16O

Qm = 10.402

From the character of the beta decay, it is concluded that ¹⁶N(0) has J^π = 2^-. See ¹⁶O.

2. 7Li(14N, 5Li)16N

Qm = 0.589

See (1958AL1D).

3. 9Be(7Li, 8Li)8Be

Qm = 0.368

Eb = 20.585

The cross section for this reaction has been measured from E(⁷Li) = 1.1 to 2.0 MeV. At the higher energy it is approximately 1 mb (1957NO17).

4. 13C(α, p)16N

Qm = -7.416

Not reported.

5. 14C(d, γ)16N

Qm = 10.481

At E_d = 1.16 MeV, the cross section is ≲ 0.1 mb (1957BO04). At E_d = 2.0 MeV, σ ≤ 0.6 mb (1956DO37).

6. 14C(d, n)15N

Qm = 7.987

Eb = 10.481

See (1950HU72) and ¹⁵N.

7. 14C(d, p)15C

Qm = -1.007

Eb = 10.481

The excitation function has been studied from E_d = 0.6 to 3.0 MeV (1954RI1B, 1956DO37). Resonances are observed at 2.0, 2.45 and 2.7 MeV, with c.m. widths of 270, 190 and 165 keV, respectively, corresponding to ¹⁶N*(12.2, 12.62, 12.8 MeV) (1956DO37). See also (1950HU72, 1954RI1B) and ¹⁵C.

8. 14C(d, α)12B

Qm = 0.358

Eb = 10.481

See (1950HU72).

9. 14C(t, n)16N

Qm = 4.223

Not reported.

10. 14C(3He, p)16N

Qm = 4.988

Not reported.

11. 14C(α, d)16N

Qm = -13.363

Not reported.

12. 14N(t, p)16N

Qm = 4.851

See (1953CU1D).

13. 15N(n, γ)16N

Qm = 2.494

The thermal cross section is 24 ± 8 μb (1958HU18), 80 ± 30 μb (1952FE1A).

14. 15N(n, n)15N

Eb = 2.494

The total cross section has been measured for E_n = 2.8 to 3.3 MeV: a resonance is observed at E_n ≈ 2.95 MeV. σ_max = 4 b, Γ = 140 ± 40 keV, corresponding to E_x ≈ 5.26 MeV, J = 2^- or 3^± (1956BA1A).

15. 15N(n, α)12B

Qm = -7.629

Eb = 2.494

See (1948JE03).

16. 15N(d, p)16N	Qm = 0.267
	Q0 = 0.286 (1957VA11);
	Q0 = 0.269 ± 0.010 (1957WA01).

Levels derived from observed proton groups and γ-rays are listed in Table 16.2 [Levels of ¹⁶N from ¹⁵N(d, p)¹⁶N] (in PDF or PS). Gamma transitions are shown in the inset of Fig. 31 (Energy Level Diagram of ¹⁶N). Even at E_d = 2.7 MeV, the stripping angular distribution patterns to the low-lying states are well-developed, and the theory yields quite good fits (1956ZI1A, 1957WA01). Shell-model theory in intermediate coupling predicts a close group of 4 levels within about 700 keV, with J = 0, 1, 2, 3, odd parity (order uncertain), arising from the configurations p_1/2^-1s_1/2 and p_1/2^-1d_5/2. Levels from p_1/2^-1d_3/2 should lie several MeV higher (1953IN1A, 1957EL1B). These results are strikingly confirmed by the experimental evidence. The ground state is assigned J = 2^- on the basis of the β-decay (see ¹⁶N(β^-)¹⁶O). The first excited state may have J = 0^- or 1^- from the stripping pattern; however, the half-life τ_1/2 = 6.7 ± 0.5 μsec (1957FR56), 5.43 ± 0.22 μsec (1959ZI18) is much too long for dipole radiation, and J = 0^- is indicated (1957WI1B). The third excited state (E_x = 392 keV), again limited to J = 0^- or 1^- by the stripping pattern, decays to both ¹⁶N(0) and ¹⁶N*(0.12); J = 0^- is therefore excluded and J = 1^- indicated. Of the possibilities J = 1^-, 2^-, 3^- for the second excited state, ¹⁶N*(0.285), J = 1^- is rendered unlikely by the low intensity of γ-decay to the second excited state and by the absence of an l_n = 0 component in the stripping pattern (1956ZI1A, 1957WA01, 1957WI1B). The assignment J = 3^- is strongly favored by the (p - γ) angular correlation (1957FR56).

The observed γ-branching of ¹⁶N*(0.395) is in accord with the theory, which predicts lifetimes in the range 1 to 7 × 10^-11 sec. A considerable enhancement through collective excitation is required to account for the lifetime of the first excited state. The reduced neutron widths are expected to be of the order of the single-particle limit. Calculation of level shifts and comparison of observed reduced widths suggests that the ¹⁶O* analogues to the first four states of ¹⁶N are ¹⁶O*(12.95, 12.78, 13.24, 13.09 MeV) (1957EL1B): see also (1957WI1B) and ¹⁵N(p, p)¹⁵N.

17. 15N(t, d)16N

Qm = -3.765

Not reported.

18. 15N(α, 3He)16N

Qm = 18.084

Not reported.

19. 16O(n, p)16N

Qm = -9.619

The possibility that ¹⁶N might have a long-lived (≈ sec) isomeric state has been examined, with negative result (1956TO1A). See also (1952LI24) and ¹⁷O.

20. 16O(t, 3He)16N

Qm = -10.384

Not reported.

21. 17O(d, 3He)16N

Qm = -8.271

Not reported.

22. 18O(n, t)16N

Qm = -13.349

Not reported.

23. 18O(p, 3He)16N

Qm = -14.114

Not reported.

24. 18O(d, α)16N	Qm = 4.237
	Q0 = 4.237 ± 0.009 (1955PA50).

Alpha groups are observed at E_d = 0.85 MeV corresponding to ¹⁶N*(0, 116 ± 6, 300 ± 12, 391 ± 12 keV). No other states are observed below E_x = 1.24 MeV (1955PA50). See also (1957BO04) and ²⁰F.

25. 19F(n, α)16N

Qm = -1.500

At E_n = 4.87 MeV, an α-group has been observed with Q = -1.77 ± 0.15 MeV, probably corresponding to a transition to one or more excited states of ¹⁶N (1955JA18). See also (1956TO1A) and ²⁰F.