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GENERAL: See also Table 15.2 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS).

Theory: See (1956KA1C, 1957FE1A, 1957HA1E, 1957PE1D, 1958FR1C).

1. 9Be(7Li, n)15N

Qm = 18.092

See (1957NO17).

2. 11B(α, n)14N

Qm = 0.152

Eb = 10.993

Reported resonances are listed in Table 15.3 [Resonances in ¹¹B + α] (in PDF or PS) (1954BE08, 1954TR09, 1955SH46, 1956BO61, 1958HA1B: see also (1950HO80)). Some absolute cross sections are given by (1956BO61). See also ¹⁴N.

3. 11B(α, p)14C

Qm = 0.780

Eb = 10.993

Reported resonances are listed in Table 15.3 [Resonances in ¹¹B + α] (in PDF or PS) (1955SH46, 1958LE23, 1959LE28). Angular distributions of the ground state protons have been measured at 150 energies in the range E_α = 2 to 4 MeV. The assignment J = 5/2⁺ to ¹⁵N*(12.50) agrees with an independent determination in ¹⁴N(n, n)¹⁴N (1958LE23). Partial widths for several resonances are listed by (1959LE28). See also ¹⁴C.

4. 12C(t, p)14C

Qm = 4.634

Eb = 14.848

See (1951PO1A).

5. 12C(α, p)15N

Qm = -4.965

Proton groups have been observed corresponding to the ground state of ¹⁵N and to ¹⁵N*(5.4, 6.5) and to other unresolved excited states up to E_x ≈ 13.5 MeV (1951BU1D, 1951BU1E, 1957SH1C). Angular distributions have been studied at E_α = 30.5 MeV (1957HU1E) and 41.5 MeV (1957SH1C). They all show strong anisotropic structure typical of direct interaction. The ground state angular distribution is qualitatively similar to that of the inverse reaction. An excellent fit is obtained to the data > 30° under the assumption l (triton) = 1, R = 5.10 × 10^-13 cm (1957SH1B, 1957SH1C: see also (1957BU52)).

6. 13C(d, n)14N

Qm = 5.319

Eb = 16.161

Observed resonances are displayed in Table 15.4 [Resonances in ¹³C + d] (in PDF or PS) (1950RI57, 1955MA76). Absolute cross sections are given by (1955MA76). See also ¹⁴N and (1957JA37).

7. 13C(d, p)14C

Qm = 5.947

Eb = 16.161

Observed resonances are displayed in Table 15.4 [Resonances in ¹³C + d] (in PDF or PS) (1941BE1A, 1950CU13, 1953KO42, 1956MA46). Angular distributions have been measured at a number of energies in the range E_d = 0.3 to 2.8 MeV (1953KO42, 1956KO26, 1956MA46, 1956VA17). At most energies some stripping contribution is observed, although compound nucleus formation appears to be quite important for E_d < 3 MeV (1956MA46). There is some disagreement on absolute cross sections; see (1953KO42, 1956MA46, 1956VA17, 1957HO63). See also ¹⁴C.

8. 13C(d, t)12C

Qm = 1.313

Eb = 16.161

Observed resonances are listed in Table 15.4 [Resonances in ¹³C + d] (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions and absolute cross sections are reported (1956MA35). See also ¹²C.

9. 13C(d, α)11B

Qm = 5.167

Eb = 16.161

Observed resonances are listed in Table 15.4 [Resonances in ¹³C + d] (in PDF or PS). Angular distributions and absolute cross sections are reported. Analysis of the narrow E_α = 2.2 MeV resonance suggests that it is formed by l_d = 3 or 4 (1956MA35). See also ¹¹B.

10. 13C(t, n)15N

Qm = 9.903

Not reported.

11. 13C(3He, p)15N

Qm = 10.668

Proton groups have been observed corresponding to the ground state of ¹⁵N and to the levels at 5.3 MeV (unresolved) and 6.3 MeV; E(³He) to 4.5 MeV. Angular distributions show strong forward and backward peaking, roughly symmetric about 90°, and may indicate either compound nucleus formation or exchange stripping (1956SC01, 1957IL01, 1957JO1B). See also (1957BR18) and ¹⁶O.

12. 13C(α, d)15N

Qm = -7.683

Not observed.

13. 14C(p, γ)15N

Qm = 10.214

Resonances for capture γ-radiation are listed in Tables 15.5 [Low-Energy ¹⁴C(p, γ)¹⁵N Resonances] (in PDF or PS) and 15.6 [Resonances in ¹⁴C(p, γ₀)¹⁵N and ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N] (in PDF or PS). The energies of the first four resonances (Table 15.5 [Low-Energy ¹⁴C(p, γ)¹⁵N Resonances] (in PDF or PS)) agree well with level energies derived from ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N (1958HE48, 1959HE1D); corresponding values given by (1955BA44) are 8 to 10 keV higher. Quoted limits on l_p in Table 15.5 [Low-Energy ¹⁴C(p, γ)¹⁵N Resonances] (in PDF or PS) are based on estimates of Γ_p. The assignment 3/2⁺ to ¹⁵N*(10.71) is based on ¹⁴C(p, p)¹⁴C (1958HE48, 1959HE1D); the assignment 3/2^- gives a more satisfactory account of the p, γ₀ angular distribution both for this level and for ¹⁵N*(10.81) (1955BA44); J = 3/2⁺ is, however, not excluded for either (1957BA18). Combination of ¹⁵N*(10.81) and ¹⁵N*(9.84) permits a good account of the low energy (n, n) and (n, γ) cross sections (1959HE1D). The thermal (n, p) cross section can be ascribed to the E_p = 1.5 MeV resonance (¹⁵N*(11.61)) (1955BA44: see also ¹⁴N(n, γ)¹⁵N).

Strong interference effects in the (p, γ) yield curve indicate that the E_p = 1.31 and 1.50 MeV states have the same J^π (the former is given as 1/2⁺ from ¹⁴N(n, n)¹⁴N) and that the E_p = 1.16 MeV state has opposite (odd) parity: J = 1/2^-, 3/2^-; J = 1/2^- is favored by σ(n, n).

The E_p = 1.66 MeV state has even parity. Assignments for these four levels indicated in Table 15.6 [Resonances in ¹⁴C(p, γ₀)¹⁵N and ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N] (in PDF or PS) are consistent with the ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N results (1955BA44: see also (1953KA1A)). The state at E_p = 1.50 MeV probably has T = 3/2 and corresponds to ¹⁵C_g.s. (1955BA44, 1956BA16: see ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N). See also (1954SP1B, 1956FE1C).

14. 14C(p, p)14C

Eb = 10.214

Elastic scattering has been studied for E_p = 340 to 690 keV. At the E_p = 527 keV resonance (see Table 15.5 [Low-Energy ¹⁴C(p, γ)¹⁵N Resonances] (in PDF or PS)), the scattering is consistent with d-wave formation of a J = 3/2⁺ state, Γ_p = 0.2 keV. No anomalies are observed at E_p = 351 or 635 keV (1958HE48, 1959HE1D).

15. 14C(p, n)14N

Qm = -0.628

Eb = 10.214

Resonances reported by (1951RO16, 1953KA1A, 1954BA1C, 1955BA44, 1956SA06) are listed in Table 15.6 [Resonances in ¹⁴C(p, γ₀)¹⁵N and ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N] (in PDF or PS): see also (1959GI47). Neutron distributions are essentially isotropic at the E_p = 1.16, 1.31 and 1.50 MeV resonances and agree with the assignments derived from ¹⁴C(p, γ)¹⁵N and ¹⁴N(n, n)¹⁴N; the distribution at E_p = 1.67 MeV favors J = 3/2. At E_p = 1.79 MeV, the distributions favor 5/2^-, but 3/2^- is not excluded (1955BA44: see also (1953KA1A)); a computation of the cross section favors J = 3/2 (1956SA06). At E_p = 1.88 MeV, the angular distribution is consistent with the J = 1/2^- assignment from ¹⁴N(n, n)¹⁴N and at E_p = 2.02 MeV the appearance of a P₄(cos θ) term supports the assignment J = 5/2, excluding J = 5/2⁺ (1955BA44: compare Table 15.7 [Gamma Radiation from ¹⁴N(n, γ)¹⁵N] (in PDF or PS)). Parities of this and the next two states disagree with ¹⁴N(n, n)¹⁴N results. The E_p = 2.27 MeV state has J = 3/2 or 5/2; the σ_nn clearly indicates the latter (1955BA44, 1956SA06).

For ¹⁵N*(11.61) (E_p = 1.50 MeV), the proton reduced width indicates a single-particle level, while the neutron reduced width is only 10^-3. This behavior is taken to indicate that the level has T = 3/2 and corresponds to ¹⁵C_g.s.; the predicted energy from M(¹⁵C) is ¹⁵N*(11.7 to 11.9 MeV) (1955BA44, 1956BA16).

16. 14C(d, n)15N

Qm = 7.987

Neutron groups have been observed corresponding to levels in ¹⁵N at 5.34, 6.32, and 7.46 MeV (1950HU72). See also (1956FR1A; theor.).

17. 14C(3He, d)15N

Qm = 4.720

Not reported.

18. 14C(α, t)15N

Qm = -9.599

Not reported.

19. 15C(β-)15N

Qm = 9.777

See ¹⁵C.

20. 14N(n, γ)15N	Qm = 10.842
	Q0 = 10.833 ± 0.008 (1957BA18).

The thermal cross section is 80 ± 20 mb (1957BA18). Observed γ-rays are given in Table 15.7 [Gamma Radiation from ¹⁴N(n, γ)¹⁵N] (in PDF or PS) together with the ¹⁵N levels with which they are presumed to be associated. The decay scheme is in good accord with that derived from ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N (1957BA18). It does not appear that any of the known levels in this region can account for the large thermal cross section. The J = 1/2⁺; T = 3/2 level at ¹⁵N*(11.61) gives the same capture radiation spectrum and accounts very well for the thermal ¹⁴N(n, p)¹⁴C cross section, but contributes only 0.4 mb to σ_nγ. The required level is presumably to be found below the neutron threshold, ¹⁵N*(10.2 to 10.7 MeV), and should have a large neutron and a small proton width, =1/2⁺ or 3/2⁺, and Γ_γ0 = 1 eV (1955BA44): compare ¹⁴C(p, γ) (1959HE1D). See also (1958RA13).

21. 14N(n, n)14N

Eb = 10.842

The coherent scattering cross section is 11.0 ± 0.5 b; the total scattering cross section is 11.4 ± 0.5 b (bound atoms, epithermal neutrons: see (1958HU18)). The large thermal scattering reflects a nearby bound level (1949ME51). The approximate equality of the two values indicates that the scattering has little spin dependence (1955FO27). See (1959HE1D).

Resonances in the range E_n = 0.4 to 2.3 MeV are listed in Table 15.8 [Resonances in ¹⁴N + n] (in PDF or PS) (1951JO23, 1952HI12, 1955FO27, 1955HU1B, 1957HU1D, 1958HU18). Angular distributions at and between these resonances have been studied by (1950BA1C, 1955FO27). The potential s-wave phase shift approximately fits hard-sphere scattering (R = 3.7 × 10^-13 cm) for E_n < 1.3 MeV: from 1.3 to 1.7 MeV, an abrupt increase (negative) appears, which may be associated with a shape resonance. The p-wave phase shift is somewhat smaller than the hard-sphere value; the d-wave shift is < 3° (1955FO27: E_n < 2.0 MeV).

The narrow E_n = 430 keV resonance is formed by l_n ≥ 1; the proton width is very small, and the level has not been detected in ¹⁴C + p. The E_n = 495 keV resonance appears strongly in ¹⁴N(n, p)¹⁴C and ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N, but not in elastic scattering. The two resonances at E_n = 639 and 998 keV are s-wave, assigned J = 1/2⁺ and 3/2⁺, respectively from σ_max - σ_min (1951JO23, 1952HI12). According to (1956FE1C) an additional broad J = 1/2⁺ level is located in this region (¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N; E_p = 1.5 MeV: ¹⁴N* = 11.61 MeV), presumably the first T = 3/2 state. This level has not appeared in ¹⁴N(n, n)¹⁴N; see e.g. (1955FO27). The E_n = 1120 keV resonance is given as J = 3/2 or 5/2 from cross sections; the angular distributions favor 3/2^- (1955FO27). The narrow 1188 keV resonance does not appear in (¹⁴C + p) (1956SA06). Aside from the J = 1/2^- resonance at E_n = 1211 keV, the remaining J^π assignments disagree with those derived from ¹⁴C + p (compare (1955FO27) and (1955BA44)). For the E_n = 2250 keV resonance, (1955FO27) find J = 3/2^-, while (1953ME1B) report J = 1/2^-. From E_n = 1.8 to 4.0 MeV, there is evidence for considerable structure in the cross section curve, but little agreement as to the exact location of the levels involved. (1953ME1B) list 14 maxima in the total cross section for E_n = 1.9 to 3.6 MeV. Angular distributions have been studied by (1954HU1B) for energies between 3.2 and 3.9 MeV. The observed distributions can be accounted for by seven levels in the range 2.5 to 4.4 MeV with J = 3/2⁺ to 7/2⁺ (1954SP1C, 1954SP1D). See also (1955AJ61, 1956BE98, 1956FL1B, 1957HU1D).

22. 14N(n, 2n)13N

Qm = -10.551

Eb = 10.842

At E_n = 14.3 MeV, the cross section is 4.5 ± 0.8 mb (1955HU1B), 19 ± 10 mb (1958AS63), 8.5 mb (1958RA18). See also (1955SM1B).

23. 14N(n, p)14C

Qm = 0.628

Eb = 10.842

The thermal cross section is 1.75 ± 0.05 b (1958HU18). A major portion of this cross section can be ascribed to ¹⁵N*(11.61) (1955BA44). Resonances reported by (1950JO57) occur at E_n = 495, 640, (993), and 1415 keV; parameters are listed in Table 15.8 [Resonances in ¹⁴N + n] (in PDF or PS) (1955HU1B, 1958HU18). Many additional levels have been reported through analysis of particle groups induced by continuous neutron spectra: see (1952AJ38, 1953GI1B, 1957BE71).

24. 14N(n, α)11B

Qm = -0.152

Eb = 10.842

(1950JO57) report resonances at E_p = 1415 and 1800 keV: see Table 15.8 [Resonances in ¹⁴N + n] (in PDF or PS) (1955HU1B). See also ¹⁴N(n, p)¹⁴C above.

25. 14N(n, d)13C

Qm = -5.319

Eb = 10.842

See (1952LI24, 1957CA07, 1957ZA1A), ¹⁴N and ¹³C.

26. (a) 14N(n, t)12C	Qm = -4.007	Eb = 10.842
(b) 14N(n, t)4He4He4He	Qm = -11.287

For reaction (a), see (1953FI28). For reaction (b), see (1956FR18).

27. 14N(d, p)15N

Qm = 8.615

Proton groups corresponding to levels of ¹⁵N are listed in Table 15.9 [¹⁵N Levels from ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N] (in PDF or PS). The J^π assignments are based on stripping analysis of angular distributions (1950MA65, 1952GI01, 1954SP01, 1955SH28, 1956DO41, 1956GR37, 1957WA01). A detailed comparison of the experimental observations with shell-model calculations is made by (1957HA1E: see also (1957WA01)). Angular distributions have also been studied by (1954EB02, 1954JO1F, 1956VA17, 1958BO18). The ratio of the reduced widths of the ground states of ¹⁵N and ¹⁵O is 1.71 (1956CA1D: E_d = 9 MeV).

Observed gamma rays are listed in Table 15.10 [Gamma Rays from ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N] (in PDF or PS) (1955BE81, 1958RA13). The observation of a 10.81 MeV γ-ray indicates a small proton width for the ¹⁵N level; it is suggested that this level may account for the large (n, γ) cross section (1958RA13). According to (1955BA44, 1958HE48), however, the γ-spectra are quite different: see Tables 15.5 [Low-Energy ¹⁴C(p, γ)¹⁵N Resonances] (in PDF or PS) and 15.7 (in PDF or PS). A 1.88 MeV γ-ray is reported by (1954TH1B), attributed to ¹⁵N*(7.16 → 5.2). A p-γ correlation experiment suggests that the 5.3 MeV radiation is dipole (1954ST1C). The relative intensities of the 7.31 MeV γ-ray and of the ¹⁵O 6.81 MeV radiation have been determined at several energies by (1955BE1G). See (1956EL1B, 1956FR1A, 1957HA1E, 1957SH1B; theor.).

28. 14N(t, pn)15N

Qm = 2.357

See (1952CU1B).

29. 14N(α, 3He)15N

Qm = -9.736

Not reported.

30. 15N(γ, p)14C

Qm = -10.214

With bremsstrahlung of E_max = 18.7 and 24.6 MeV, photoprotons corresponding to the ground state and excited states of ¹⁴C are observed. Peaks in the yield appear at E_γ = 11.6, ≈ 15, ≈ 18.6 MeV, in addition to the giant resonance at ≈ 20 MeV. The first peak corresponds to excitation of ¹⁵N* (J = 1/2⁺; T = 3/2): the angular distribution is consistent with isotropic emission. At 15 MeV, the distribution indicates dipole absorption, while the giant resonance shows a predominantly sin²θ distribution (1958RH1A, 1958RH30).

31. 15O(β+)15N

Qm = 2.759

See ¹⁵O.

32. 16O(γ, p)15N

Qm = -12.113

Transitions have been observed to the 5.3 and 6.3 MeV levels of ¹⁵N (1955ST1D, 1957SV1A). See also ¹⁶O.

33. 16O(n, d)15N

Qm = -9.884

See (1952LI24).

34. 16O(p, 2p)15N

Qm = -12.113

At E_p = 185 MeV, the summed proton spectrum shows two peaks, corresponding to ejection of p_1/2 and p_3/2 protons with binding energies of ≈ 12 and ≈ 19 MeV, respectively. The separation is consistent with the interpretation of ¹⁵N*(6.3) as a state with a hole in the p_3/2 shell (1958MA1B, 1958TY49).

35. 16O(d, 3He)15N

Qm = -6.619

Not reported.

36. 16O(t, α)15N

Qm = 7.700

See (1956BA1E, 1956JA31, 1956MA09).

37. 17O(d, α)15N	Qm = 9.812
	Q0 = 9.807 ± 0.012 (1954PA39).

38. 18O(p, α)15N	Qm = 3.970
	Q0 = 3.961 ± 0.009 (1954MI60).

See (1952AJ38, 1955RI1A) and ¹⁹F.