A=15O (1991AJ01)

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¹⁵O (1991AJ01)

(See Energy Level Diagrams for ¹⁵O)

GENERAL: See also (1986AJ01), 2 [Electromagnetic Transitions in A = 13-15] (in PDF or PS), 15.16 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS) and 15.17 [Radiative decays in ¹⁵O] (in PDF or PS).

Nuclear models:(1987ST05).

Special states:(1985SH24, 1986LI1B, 1987ST05, 1988AN1E, 1989WU1C).

Electromagnetic transitions:(1984VA06, 1987HO1L, 1987ST05).

Astrophysical questions:(1985TA1A, 1987RA1D, 1989JI1A, 1989ST14, 1990RA1O).

Complex reactions involving ¹⁵O:(1985FI08, 1985HU1C, 1985PO11, 1985SI19, 1986GR1A, 1986ME06, 1986PO06, 1986TO10, 1986UT01, 1987BA38, 1987BE1I, 1987BU07, 1987NA01, 1987RI03, 1987ST01, 1988BE02, 1988BE56, 1988MI28, 1989BA92, 1989CA25, 1989DR03, 1989KI13, 1989PO07, 1989SA10, 1989TA1O, 1989YO02).

Applied work:(1985BO1P, 1985HA40, 1987HI1B, 1988HI1F, 1988VO1D, 1989AR1J, 1989WO1B).

Pion and other mesons capture and reactions (See also reactions 8, 16, 17 and 21.): (1986LI1B, 1987LE1B, 1988CH49, 1988MI1K, 1989LE1L, 1990OD1A).

Hypernuclei:(1984ZH1B, 1986DA1G, 1989BA93, 1989KO1H, 1989TA17).

Other topics:(1985AN28, 1985SH24, 1986AN07, 1986WI03, 1987CH02, 1989WU1C, 1990MU10).

Ground-state properties of ¹⁵O:(1985AN28, 1985AR11, 1986MC13, 1986WI03, 1986WUZX, 1987FU06, 1987SA15, 1988AR1B, 1988CH1T, 1988FU04, 1988NI05, 1988SH07, 1988VA03, 1988WA08, 1989CH24, 1989FU05, 1989NE02, 1989SA10).

μ = 0.7189 (8) nm (1978LEZA). See also (1989RA17).

¹⁵O*(5.24): μ = +(0.65 ± 0.07) nm: see (1989RA17).

1. ¹⁵O(β⁺)¹⁵N

Q_m = 2.7539

The half-life of ¹⁵O is 122.24 ± 0.16 s: see (1981AJ01); log f₀t = 3.637. The K/β⁺ ratio is (10.7 ± 0.6) × 10^-4: see (1976AJ04). The β-anisotropy has been measured by (1988SE11, 1989DE07). See also (1986AJ01), (1990ST08), (1985BA1N, 1985BA1M, 1986GR04, 1987BA89, 1987FR1C, 1987RI1E, 1987WE1C, 1988BA86, 1988BA1Y, 1989BA2P, 1989DA1H; astrophysics) and (1988TA09, 1988TO1C, 1989WO1E; theor.).

2. (a) ¹¹B(⁷Li, 3n)¹⁵O Q_m = -3.494
(b) ¹¹B(⁹Be, t2n)¹⁵O Q_m = -13.932

For reaction (a) see (1986BE54); for reaction (b) see (1986BE35). For other heavy-ion reactions see (1986AJ01).

3. (a) ¹²C(³He, γ)¹⁵O Q_m = 12.0759
(b) ¹²C(³He, n)¹⁴O Q_m = -1.1466 E_b = 12.0759
(c) ¹²C(³He, p)¹⁴N Q_m = 4.7789
(d) ¹²C(³He, d)¹³N Q_m = -3.5500
(e) ¹²C(³He, t)¹²N Q_m = -17.357
(f) ¹²C(³He, ³He)¹²C
(g) ¹²C(³He, α)¹¹C Q_m = 1.8560

Excitation functions and polarization measurements for these reactions have been measured over a wide range of energies: see 15.20 in (1970AJ04 (in PDF or PS), 1976AJ04 (in PDF or PS), 1981AJ01 (in PDF or PS)) and the text below. Observed resonances are displayed in 15.18 (in PDF or PS) here.

The 90° yield and the angular distributions of γ₀, measured from E(³He) = 5.24 to 13.95 MeV show five resonances attributed to E1 transitions from J^π = 1/2⁺ or 3/2⁺, T = 1/2 states in the GDR characterized by a considerable 3p4h admixture ((1978DE33) [also for ω_γ], (1984DE09)). Yields of γ₁₊₂ at 90° have also been reported at E(³He) = 5.3 to 16.7 MeV: the cross section is some eight times greater than that for (³He, γ₀) and is similar to that for the ¹⁴N(p, γ₀)¹⁵O reaction over the same excitation range. Three resonances are reported [see 15.18 (in PDF or PS) (1989KI09)]: it is suggested that they are due to cluster states with a large 3p4h component. See also (1988BLZY; prelim.; E(³He) = 12.0 to 24.6 MeV; γ to many states of ¹⁵O).

The yield of n₀ (reaction (b)) shows resonances for E(³He) < 10 MeV and little structure above, to 30.6 MeV: see (1981AJ01) [n₁ and n₂₊₃₊₄ yields are also reported].

The yield of protons (reaction (c)) shows some clear resonances below E(³He) = 4.5 MeV and some uncorrelated structures at higher energies (to E(³He) = 12 MeV) with the possible exception of states at E_res = 7.8, 9.2 - 9.6 and (10.5) MeV. For E(³He) = 16 to 30.6 MeV no appreciable structure is observed in the p₀, p₁ and p₂ yields: see (1976AJ04). At E(³pol. He) = 33 MeV A_y has been measured for ¹⁴N*(0, 2.31, 3.95): see (1986AJ01). For polarization effects in the (³He, 2p) reaction at E(³pol. He) = 33 MeV see (1986KA44). For reactions (d) and (e) see (1976AJ04, 1981AJ01, 1986AJ01).

The elastic scattering (reaction (f)) shows some resonant structure near 3, 5 and 6 MeV and some largely uncorrelated structures in the range E(³He) = 16.5 to 24 MeV. There is some suggestion, however, of two resonances at E(³He) = 17 and 20 MeV: see (1976AJ04). Resonance-like behavior is also reported at E(³pol. He) = 29 MeV. Polarization measurements are reported for E(³pol. He) = 20.5 to 32.6 MeV: see (1981AJ01). See also (1986AJ01). The yield of α-particles displays resonance structure below 8 MeV, and broad fluctuations for E(³He) = 12 to 18.6 MeV: see (1976AJ04). Polarization measurements are reported for E(³pol. He) = 33.3 MeV for the α₀ and α₁ groups: see (1981AJ01). For A_y measurements of the (³He, ⁷Be) and (³He, ⁶Li) reactions see (1989SI02, 1986CL1B). For π^± production see (1986MI25). For a search for subthreshold K⁺ production see (1985IA01). For work at very high energies see (1985AB1B, 1985AD1C). See also (1986AJ01), (1984NA1F), (1990TO10; applied) and (1986EV01, 1986SI02; theor.).

4. ¹²C(α, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -8.5019

Angular distributions of the n₀ group have been measured for E_α = 18.4 to 23.1 MeV: see (1976AJ04). At E_α = 41 MeV angular distributions are reported to ¹⁵O*(5.24, 6.86 + 7.28, 9.63[u], 10.48[u], 11.72[u], 12.85[u], 15.05[u]). ¹⁵O*(8.92, 11.1, 12.3, 13.45, 13.72, 14.27, 15.65) are also populated ((1981OV01) [uncertainties in E_x are not shown; unresolved states are a problem]). At E_α = 47.4 MeV groups are populated at θ = 0° corresponding to ¹⁵O_g.s. and to unresolved states at 5.2, 7.3, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.3 MeV (1988LU02). See also (1988CA26; astrophys.).

5. ¹²C(⁶Li, t)¹⁵O Q_m = -3.7196

States observed in this reaction are displayed in 15.19 (in PDF or PS) (1975BI06: E(⁶Li) = 59.8 MeV). Comparisons of angular distributions of the triton groups in this reaction and of the ³He groups to analog states in ¹⁵N have been made: analog correspondence is established for (10.48 - 10.70), (12.84 - 13.15 (u)) and (15.05 - 15.49 (u)) [E_x in ¹⁵O, E_x in ¹⁵N; u = unresolved] (1975BI06). See also (1976AJ04) for the earlier work.

6. ¹²C(¹²C, ⁹Be)¹⁵O Q_m = -14.2031

At E(¹²C) = 187 MeV, θ_lab = 8°, the spectrum is dominated by ¹⁵O*(12.84, 15.05) [assumed J^π = 1/2^-, 13/2⁺, respectively]. ¹⁵O*(7.28) [J^π = 7/2⁺] is populated but ¹⁵O*(0, 6.79) are not observed. The situation is similar at E(¹²C) = 114 MeV but at E(¹²C) = 72 MeV (θ_lab = 11°) ¹⁵O*(0, 5.2, 7.28) are populated with comparable intensities: see (1976AJ04).

At E(¹²C) = 480 MeV the three most strongly excited states in the forward direction are ¹⁵O*(10.46, 12.83[u], 15.05[u]) [J^π = 9/2⁺, 11/2^-, 13/2⁺] and forward angle σ(θ) have been measured. ¹⁵O*(0, 5.24, 7.3, 8.9[u], 16.7[u], 18.2[u], 21.1[u], 22.1[u]) are also populated (1988KR11).

7. ¹³C(³He, n)¹⁵O Q_m = 7.1296

Observed groups are displayed in 15.22 (in PDF or PS) of (1981AJ01).

8. ¹⁴C(p, π^-)¹⁵O Q_m = -132.115

At E_{pol. p} = 183 MeV differential cross sections and A_y are reported for the transitions to ¹⁵O*(0, 7.3), the two states strongly populated in the reaction (1982JA05, 1982VI05). See also (1986JA1H) and (1986KU1J, 1990KU1H; theor.).

9. ¹⁴N(p, γ)¹⁵O Q_m = 7.2971

Observed resonances in the yield of γ-rays are listed in 15.20 (in PDF or PS). Branching ratios are displayed in 15.17 (in PDF or PS). Measurements of E_γ lead to E_x = 5183 ± 1, 5240.9 ± 0.4, 6175 ± 2, 6794 ± 2, 6858 ± 2, 8284.1 ± 0.8, 8922 ± 2 and 8978 ± 2 keV: see (1981AJ01)). For τ_m see (1981AJ01).

(1987SC1H) have studied absolute cross sections, γ-ray angular distributions and excitation functions for E_p = 0.2 to 3.6 MeV: S(0) is determined to be 3.20 ± 0.54 keV · b. C²S are derived for the first eight states of ¹⁵O (1987SC1H).

The 90° γ₀ yield has been measured for E_p = 2.2 to 19 MeV: resonances are observed over most of the range. The (γ₁ + γ₂) yield is relatively weak. For E_p = 18 to 28 MeV the excitation function for γ₀ decreases smoothly with energy: there is no evidence for structures [see (1981AJ01)]. See also (1985CA41, 1987KR04, 1987WE1C, 1988CA1J, 1988CA26, 1989BA2P, 1989TH1C, 1990MA1P; astrophysics) and (1990HA46; theor.).

10. ¹⁴N(p, n)¹⁴O Q_m = -5.9255 E_b = 7.2971

The excitation function has been measured for E_p = 6.3 to 12 MeV: see (1970AJ04). Observed resonances are displayed in 15.20 (in PDF or PS). The cross section [obtained by measuring the 2.31 MeV γ-rays from the ¹⁴O (β⁺) decay] is reported at 12 energies in the range E_p = 7 to 22 MeV (1981DY03). Production cross sections for the 2.31 MeV γ-rays have been measured at E_p = 8.9, 20, 30, 33 and 40 MeV by (1988LE08). The ratio of the cross section to ¹⁴O_g.s. to that for the analog state ¹⁴N*(2.31) [from the (p, p') reaction] has been determined at E_p = 35 MeV (1984TA02). Forward-angle differential cross sections (n₀) are reported by (1979MO16) at E_p = 144 MeV. See also (1985CA41; astrophys.) and ¹⁴O.

11. ¹⁴N(p, p)¹⁴N E_b = 7.2971

The yields of elastic and inelastic protons, and of 2.31 MeV γ-rays, have been studied at many energies: see (1959AJ76, 1970AJ04, 1976AJ04). Observed resonances are displayed in 15.20 (in PDF or PS). At higher energies excitation functions have been measured for the p₀, p₁ and p₂ groups for E_p = 17 to 26.5 MeV: there is no evidence for resonant behavior but the p₁ yield shows a large increase between E_p = 20 and 23 MeV. Total cross sections for the p₀ → p₉ groups have been measured at E_p = 8.6, 10.6, 12.6 and 14.6 MeV [see (1981AJ01)]. Total reaction cross sections have also been measured in the range E_p = 22.9 to 49.0 MeV by (1985CA36). (1988LE08) report 2.31-MeV γ-ray production cross sections at E_p = 8.9, 20, 30, 33 and 40 MeV. For measurements at E(¹⁴N) = 516 MeV/A see (1990WE14).

Polarization measurements have been carried out at E_p = 3.0 to 159.4 MeV [see (1970AJ04, 1976AJ04, 1986AJ01)] and at E_{pol. p} = 35 MeV (1990IE01; p₁) and 0.8 GeV (1985BL22; A_y; elastic). See also ¹⁴N, (1986BA2U), (1986BA88, 1987HU01) and (1989AM01; theor.).

12. ¹⁴N(p, ³He)¹²C Q_m = -4.7789 E_b = 7.2971

Excitation functions for the ground-state group have been measured at E_p = 7 to 11 MeV: some resonant structure is indicated [see 15.20 (in PDF or PS)]. See also (1976AJ04).

13. ¹⁴N(p, α)¹¹C Q_m = -2.9228 E_b = 7.2971

Excitation functions and total cross-section measurements have been measured for the α₀ group for E_p = 3.8 to 45 MeV: see (1976AJ04). Fairly sharp structures persist until E_p = 15 MeV: see 15.20 (in PDF or PS) here and footnote ^e in 15.23 (in PDF or PS) of (1981AJ01). See also (1986AI04; applied) and (1985CA41; astrophys.).

14. ¹⁴N(d, n)¹⁵O Q_m = 5.0725

Angular distributions have been studied at many energies in the range E_d = 0.9 to 11.8 MeV: see 15.27 (in PDF or PS) and 15.28 (in PDF or PS) in (1970AJ04) and 15.26 (in PDF or PS) in (1976AJ04). For τ_m measurements see (1970AJ04). See also 15.21 (in PDF or PS) here, ¹⁶O in (1986AJ04), (1987HI1B; applied) and (1984BL21; theor.).

15. ¹⁴N(³He, d)¹⁵O Q_m = 1.8035

See 15.28 (in PDF or PS) in (1970AJ04). See also 15.21 (in PDF or PS) here.

16. ¹⁵N(γ, π^-)¹⁵O Q_m = -142.322

At E_γ = 170 MeV four-point angular distributions of the π^- to ¹⁵O_g.s. have been measured by (1988LI23) and (1989KO28): the two studies are not in good agreement. See also (1990ER03; theor.).

17. ¹⁵N(π⁺, π⁰)¹⁵O Q_m = 1.850

Angular distributions of the π⁰ to ¹⁵O_g.s. have been studied at E_π⁺ = 32.4 and 55.5 MeV (1985IR02), at 48 MeV (1984CO04, 1986LE01) and at 165 MeV (1982DO10). Forward-angle differential cross sections of the π⁰ to ¹⁵O_g.s. have also been measured at E_π⁺ = 20 MeV (1987IR01) and at 40.7 and 63.6 MeV (1985IR02). See also (1989LE1L).

18. ¹⁵N(p, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -3.5363

Angular distributions have been measured for E_p = 3.95 to 18.5 MeV [see (1981AJ01, 1986AJ01)], at 35 MeV (1987OR01; ¹⁵O*(7.56) [J^π = 1/2⁺]), at 135 MeV (1985WA24; ¹⁵O*(0, 6.2)) and at 200 and 494 MeV (1988CIZZ; prelim.; also A_y). Forward-angle differential cross sections at E_p = 200, 300 and 400 MeV to ¹⁵O*(0, 6.2) are reported by (1987ALZW; prelim.). The ratio of the population of ¹⁵O_g.s. to that of ¹⁵O*(6.2) has been determined at E_p = 800 MeV (1986KI12). ¹⁵O*(6.2) contains only about 1/3 of the expected GT strength (1985GO02). [I am indebted to Prof. C.D. Goodman for his comments.] For a discussion of GT strengths, see (1987TA13). ¹⁵O*(5.2[u], 6.8[u], 7.28) have also been populated (1987OR01). For the earlier work see (1986AJ01). See also ¹⁶O in (1986AJ04), (1985GO1Q, 1986VO1G, 1987BE25, 1988RO17, 1988WA1Q), (1986MA1P, 1987HI1B, 1988HI1F; applied) and (1989RA15; theor.).

19. ¹⁵N(³He, t)¹⁵O Q_m = -2.7725

Angular distributions for the t₀, t₁₊₂, t₃, t₄₊₅, t₆ and t₇ groups have been studied for E(³He) = 16.5 to 44.6 MeV: see (1976AJ04).

20. ¹⁶O(γ, n)¹⁵O Q_m = -15.6638

The spectrum of photoneutrons has been investigated at many energies. Measurements over the giant dipole resonance region show the predominant strength is to the J^π = 1/2^- and 3/2^- states E_x = 0 and 6.18 MeV, consistent with the basic validity of the single-particle, single-hole theory of photoexcitation in ¹⁶O. However, the positive-parity states at E_x = 5.18, 5.24, 6.86 MeV are also populated suggesting some more complicated excitations in ¹⁶O: (1970AJ04, 1976AJ04). Differential cross sections for the n₀ group have been measured from threshold to E_γ = 28 MeV [see (1976AJ04)], at E_γ = 60 to 160 MeV (also ¹⁵O*(6.18); no appreciable strength in the 5.2 MeV doublet) [see (1986AJ01)] and at 150, 200 and 250 MeV (1989BE14). See also ¹⁶O in (1986AJ04) and (1987RY03, 1988CA10, 1988DUZX, 1988RY03, 1990BRZY, 1990FL1A; theor.).

21. (a) ¹⁶O(π⁺, p)¹⁵O Q_m = 124.687
(b) ¹⁶O(π⁺, π⁺n)¹⁵O Q_m = -15.6638
(c) ¹⁶O(π⁺, π⁰p)¹⁵O Q_m = -10.277

For reaction (a) see (1982DO01). At E_π⁺ = 2.0 GeV/c differential cross sections have been determined for the transition to ¹⁵N*(6.2) (1983KI01) in reaction (b). For reaction (c), see (1986GI1A).

22. ¹⁶O(p, pn)¹⁵O Q_m = -15.6638

At E_p = 505 MeV the summed spectra show two peaks corresponding to the p_1/2 and p_3/2 knockouts [¹⁵O*(0, 6.18)] (binding energies of 15.64 and 21.82 MeV). Differential cross sections are also reported (1986MC10) [see also reaction 59 in ¹⁵N]. For work at 1 GeV, see (1985BE30). See also (1983WA1C) and (1987HI1B; applied).

23. ¹⁶O(p, d)¹⁵O Q_m = -13.4392

Angular distributions have been reported at many energies for E_p = 18.5 to 155.6 MeV [see 15.30 in (1970AJ04) (in PDF or PS), (1976AJ04), (1986AJ01)]: at those energies ¹⁵O*(0, 6.18) are preferentially populated. At E_p = 200 MeV angular distributions have been studied for ¹⁵O*(0, 6.18) (1989AB01) [also A_y and C²S]. At E_p = 800 MeV ¹⁵O*(0, 5.2[u], 6.18, 7.4[u], 9.0[u], 10.42 ± 0.15, 10.87 ± 0.15, 12.21 ± 0.15, 13.59 ± 0.15, 19.0 ± 0.2, 21.1 ± 0.2) [the last two states have Γ ≥ 0.8 MeV] have been populated (1984SM04).

For γ-ray production [¹⁵O*(5.24)] see (1988LE08). See also ¹⁷F in (1986AJ04), (1989WA16) and (1987LA11, 1988LE08, 1989GU28; astrophysics).

24. ¹⁶O(d, t)¹⁵O Q_m = -9.4065

Angular distributions have been reported at a number of energies in the range E_d = 20 to 52 MeV [see (1981AJ01) and reaction 60 in ¹⁵N here] and at E_{pol. d} = 89 MeV (1990SA27; ¹⁵O*(0, 6.18)). See also ¹⁸F in (1983AJ01).

25. ¹⁶O(³He, α)¹⁵O Q_m = 4.9140

The p_1/2 and p_3/2 hole states ¹⁵O*(0, 6.18) are strongly populated. Information on these and other states are displayed in 15.25 (in PDF or PS) of (1981AJ01). Angular distributions have been measured at energies up to E(³He) = 217 MeV: see (1981AJ01). Branching ratios and multipole mixing ratios are displayed in 15.17 (in PDF or PS). (1978BE73) report τ_m of ¹⁵O*(5.24) = 3.25 ± 0.30 ps, |g| = 0.260 ± 0.028. (1983BI10) determine g = +0.17 ± 0.07. See also (1986AJ01), ¹⁹Ne in (1983AJ01) and (1990AB14; applied).

26. ¹⁶O(⁶Li, ⁷Li)¹⁵O Q_m = -8.414

See (1986GL1E; prelim.).

27. ¹⁷O(p, t)¹⁵O Q_m = -11.3254

At E_p = 39.8 MeV angular distributions of t₀ and t₃ groups have been compared to those of the ³He groups to the analog states in ¹⁵N. At E_p = 45 MeV a state, assumed to be the J^π = 5/2⁺, T = 3/2 analog of ¹⁵C*(0.74), is observed at E_x = 12.255 ± 0.013 MeV, Γ_c.m. = 135 ± 15 keV. The state decays by proton emission to the T = 1, 0⁺ state ¹⁴N*(2.31) [the population of some T = 1/2 states is also reported]: see (1981AJ01).

E_{pol. p} = 89.7 MeV angular distributions and A_y measurements have been reported to ¹⁵O*(0, 5.24[u], 6.18, 6.86, 7.28) (1985VO12).

28. ¹⁹F(³He, ⁷Li)¹⁵O Q_m = -4.3185

See (1976AJ04). See also (1986HA1E; theor.).