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¹²O has been observed in the ¹⁶O(α, ⁸He) reaction and in the ¹²C(π⁺, π^-) reaction: see (1985AJ01). The mass excess of ¹²O is 32.06 ± 0.04 MeV (1988WA18). ¹²O is thus unstable to decay into ¹⁰C + 2p by 1.78 MeV. See also (1985AN28) and (1987BL18, 1987SA15; theor.).

The width of the ground state is ~ 400 ± 250 keV. The diproton branching ratio of ¹²O_g.s. is estimated to be (60 ± 30)%. It is suggested that the first T = 2 state in ¹²N should occur at E_x = 12.29 ± 0.02 MeV. There is some indication from the ¹⁶O(α, ⁸He) work of an excited state of ¹²O at E_x = 1.0 ± 0.1 MeV, which would imply an appreciable downward shift from the position of the analog first excited state in ¹²Be (1978KE06). See also the spectrum shown as Fig. 1 of (1985MO18).

The ¹²C(π⁺, π^-) reaction has been studied for E_π⁺ = 50 to 240 MeV: see (1985AJ01) and (1985MO18, 1987FA05, 1989GR06). See also (1986GI13), (1989BA1R) and (1986CH39, 1988CO15, 1988GO21, 1988MA27; theor.).